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How to Learn Coding

February 13, 2024 by admin Category: How To

You are viewing the article How to Learn Coding  at Tnhelearning.edu.vn you can quickly access the necessary information in the table of contents of the article below.

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The C programming language is one of the oldest programming languages. This language was developed in the 70s, but it is still very powerful today thanks to its low-level language characteristics. Learning C is also a great way to educate yourself about more complex languages; in addition, the knowledge gained will be useful in most programming languages and can help you with application development. To learn how to get started programming in C, see Step 1 below.

Table of Contents

  • Steps
    • Ready
    • Using variables
    • Use conditional statements
    • Learn Loops
    • Using functions
    • Continue to dig deeper
  • Advice

Steps

Ready

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Download and install the compiler. The C code needs to be compiled by a decoder program to decode the codes into a signal that the machine can understand. Compilers are usually free, and there are different compilers for different operating systems.

  • For Windows, try Microsoft Visual Studio Express or MinGW.
  • For Mac, XCode is one of the best C compilers.
  • For Linux, one of the most popular choices is gcc.
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Learn the basics. C is one of the older programming languages and can be very powerful. This language was designed for Unix operating systems, but has since been ported and extended for most operating systems. And the modern version of C is C++.

  • C mainly consists of functions, and within these functions you can use variables, conditional statements, and loops to store and manipulate data.
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Check out some basic code. Go through the (very) basic program below to better understand how the different parts of the language work together and also get a sense of how programs work.

 #include <stdio.h> int main () { printf ( "Hello, World! n " ); getchar (); return 0 ; }

[1] X Research Source

  • The #include directive is executed before the program starts and loads the libraries containing the functions you need. In this example, stdio.h allows us to use printf() and getchar() functions.
  • The command { int main() tells the compiler that the program is running a function called “main” and that it should return an integer when it terminates. All C programs run a “main” function.
  • { } indicates that everything inside them is part of the function. In this case, they signify that everything inside is part of the “main” function.
  • The printf() function displays the content in parentheses on the user’s screen. The double quotes ensure that the string inside is printed literally. The string n tells the compiler to move the pointer to the next line.
  • ; denotes the end of a line. Most lines of C code must end with a semicolon.
  • The getchar() command tells the compiler to wait for keyboard input before moving on. This is useful because many compilers will run the program and close the window immediately. As such, this command will keep the program from closing until a key is pressed.
  • The return 0 (return) statement indicates the end of the function. Notice how the “main” function is an int function. This means that it will need an integer to be returned when the program terminates. The number “0” indicates that the program executed correctly; If ra returns any other number then the program has encountered an error.
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Try compiling the program. Enter the code into the assembler and save it as a “*.c” file. Compile this code in your compiler, usually by clicking the Build button or the Run button.
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Always comment on your code. Notes are part of the code and won’t compile, but they help you explain what’s going on. This point is useful when you want to remind you what your code is for, and it also helps other developers viewing your code better understand.

  • To comment in C, put /* at the beginning of the comment section and end it with */ .
  • You can take notes on all but the most basic of your code.
  • You can use the comments section to quickly remove sections of code without deleting. Simply enclose the code you want to remove with comment tags and then compile. If you want to add the code back, remove these tags.

Using variables

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Understand the function of variables. Variables allow you to store data, even calculations in a program or data from user input. Variables must be defined before you can use them, and there are different types of variables to choose from.

  • Some of the more common variables include int , char , and float . Each variable will store a different type of data.
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Learn how variables are declared. Variables must be set, or “declared”, before being used by the program. You declare a variable by entering its data type followed by the variable’s name. For example, here are all valid variable declarations:

 float x ; character name ; _ int a , b , c , d ;
  • Note that you can declare multiple variables on the same line, as long as they are of the same type. You just need to separate the variable names with commas.
  • Like many lines in C, each line declaring a variable needs to end with a semicolon.
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Find the variable declaration location. Variables must be declared at the beginning of each block of code (Parts of code enclosed in brackets {}). If you try to declare a variable at the end of the block, the program will not work correctly.
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Use variables to store user data. Now that you have some basic knowledge of how variables work, you can write a simple program to store user input. You will use another function in your program, called scanf . This function looks for the input provided with a specific value.

 #include <stdio.h> int main () { int x ; printf ( "Enter a number:" ); scanf ( "%d" , & x ); printf ( "You entered %d" , x ); getchar (); return 0 ; }
  • The string "%d" tells scanf to look for integers in user input.
  • The & before the variable x tells scanf where to find the variable to replace it, and stores the integers in the variable.
  • The last command printf reads the input integer back to the user.
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Manipulate variables. You can use mathematical expressions to manipulate the data that you have stored in your variables. The most important difference to remember for math expressions is that an = signifies setting the value of the variable, while 2 == means comparing values on either side to see if they are equal. each other no.

 x = 3 * 4 ; /* set "x" to 3 * 4, or 12 */ x = x + 3 ; /* adds 3 to the original value of "x", and sets the new value as the variable */ x == 15 ; /* checks whether "x" is equal to 15 */ x < 10 ; / * checks if the value of " x " is less than 10 * / _ _ 

Use conditional statements

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Learn the basics of conditional statements. Conditional statements are the control element of most programs. These are statements that are defined as TRUE or FALSE, then executed based on the result. The most basic statement is the if statement.

  • TRUE and FALSE in C will work differently than you might be used to. The TRUE statement always ends with a non-zero number. When you do the comparison, if the result is TRUE then “1” will be returned. If the result is FALSE, return “0”. Understanding this point will help you understand how IF statements are handled.
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Learn basic conditional operators. Conditional statements revolve around using mathematical operators to compare values. Below is a list of the most commonly used conditional operators.

 > /* greater than */ < /* less than */ >= /* greater than or equal to */ <= /* less than or equal to */ == /* equals */ != /* not equal to */ 

 10 > 5 TRUE 6 < 15 TRUE 8 >= 8 TRUE 4 <= 8 TRUE 3 == 3 TRUE 4 != 5 TRUE 
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Write a basic IF statement. You can use the IF statement to determine what the program should do next after the statement is evaluated. You can combine if statements with the following conditional statements to create even better choices, but let’s write a simple statement for now to get used to them.

 #include <stdio.h> int main () { if ( 3 < 5 ) printf ( "3 is less than 5" ); getchar (); } 
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Use ELSE/ELSE IF statements to expand your conditions. You can build upon the IF statement using the ELSE statement and the ELSE IF statement to handle different results. The ELSE statement runs if the IF statement is FALSE. ELSE IF statements allow you to put multiple IF statements into one block of code to handle different cases. See the example program below to better understand how they interact.

 #include <stdio.h> int main () { int age ; printf ( "Please enter your current age: " ); scanf ( "%d" , & age ); if ( age <= 12 ) { printf ( "You're a kid! n " ); } else if ( age < 20 ) { printf ( "Being a teenager is great! n " ); } else if ( age < 40 ) { printf ( "You're still young! n " ); } else { printf ( "The older the ginger, the spicier it gets. n " ); } return 0 ; }

[2] X Research Source

  • The program takes data from the user and passes it through IF statements. If the metric meets the first statement, the first printf statement is returned. If it fails to respond to the first statement, it is passed through ELSE IF statements until it finds a match. If it doesn’t match any statements, it will go through the ELSE statement at the end.
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Learn Loops

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Understand how loops work. Loops are one of the most important aspects of programming because they allow you to repeat blocks of code until specific conditions are met. This can make repetitive operations very easy to do and saves you from having to rewrite new conditionals every time you want to do something.

  • There are three main types of loops: FOR, WHILE, and DO … WHILE.
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Use a FOR loop. This is the most common and useful type of loop. The loop will continue to run the function until the conditions set in the FOR loop are met. The FOR loop requires three conditions: the initialization of the variable, the conditional expression to be met, and the way the variables are updated. If you don’t need all these conditions, you still need to leave a space with a semicolon, otherwise the loop will run forever. [3] X Research Sources

 #include <stdio.h> int main () { int y ; for ( y = 0 ; y < 15 ; y ++ ;){ printf ( "%d n " , y ); } getchar (); }
  • In the above program, y is set to 0, and the loop continues running as long as the y value is less than 15. Each time the y value is printed, the y value will be added by 1 and the loop will be repeated. again. When y = 15, the loop will be broken.
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Use a WHILE loop. The WHILE loop is simpler than the FOR loop. This type of loop has only one conditional expression, and the loop works as long as the condition is true. You don’t need to initialize or update the variable, although you can do it in the main body of the loop.

 #include <stdio.h> int main () { int y ; while ( y <= 15 ){ printf ( "%d n " , y ); y ++ ; } getchar (); }
  • The y++ instruction will add 1 to the variable y each time the loop is executed. When the variable y reaches 16 (remember, this loop will continue running as long as the y value is less than or equal to 15), the loop is stopped.
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Use a DO.. .WHILE loop This loop is useful for loops that you want to make sure to run at least once. In FOR and WHILE loops, the conditional expression is checked at the beginning of the loop, i.e. it is non-castable and fails immediately. Since the DO…WHILE loop checks the condition at the end of the loop, it ensures that the loop executes at least once.

 #include <stdio.h> int main () { int y ; y = 5 ; do { printf ( "Loop is running! n " ); } while ( y != 5 ); getchar (); }
  • This loop will display the message even though the condition is FALSE. The variable y is set to 5 and the WHILE loop is set to run when y is not 5, so the loop terminates. The message is printed from when the condition is unchecked until the end.
  • The WHILE loop in the DO…WHILE setup must be terminated with a semicolon. This is the only time a loop ends with a semicolon.

Using functions

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Learn the basics of functions. Functions are independent blocks of code that can be called by other parts of the program. These functions make it easy for the program to repeat code, and help make the program simple to read and easy to change. Functions can include all of the previously available techniques learned in this article, and even other functions.

  • The main() line at the top of all the examples above is a function, for example getchar()
  • Functions are essential to making code efficient and readable. Make good use of functions to organize your program.
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Start with an outline. Functions are best created when you outline what you want it to accomplish before you start actually coding. The basic syntax for functions is “return_type name (argument1, argument2, etc.)”; For example, to create a function that adds two numbers:

 int plus ( int x , int y );
  • This will create a function that adds two integers ( x and y ) together and then returns the sum which is also an integer.
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Add a function to the program. You can use sketch to create a program that takes two integers that the user enters and then adds them together. The program determines how the “addition” function works and uses this function to manipulate the input figures.

 #include <stdio.h> int plus ( int x , int y ); int main () { int x ; int y ; printf ( "Enter the two numbers you want to add together: " ); scanf ( "%d" , & x ); scanf ( "%d" , & y ); printf ( "The sum of your numbers is %d n " , plus ( x , y ) ); getchar (); } int plus ( int x , int y ) { return x + y ; }
  • Note that the outline is still at the top of the program. This tells the compiler what to expect when the function is called and what the result should be. This is only necessary if you want to define a function at the end of the program. You can put the add() (plus) function before the main() function and the result will be the same without the outline.
  • The actual function of the function is defined at the end of the program. The main() function collects integers from the user and then sends them to the add() function for processing. The add() function performs the addition function and then returns the result to main()
  • At this point add() has been defined, which can be called anywhere in the program.
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Continue to dig deeper

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Find some books on C programming. This article covers the basics, but just the surface of C programming and all the related knowledge. A good reference book will help you solve many problems and save you from headaches with difficult problems later.
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Join some communities. There are many communities, both online and in the real world, for programming and all programming languages. Find some like-minded C programmers to swap codes and ideas with, and you’ll soon find yourself learning a lot.

  • Attend some hack-a-thons if possible. These are events where groups and individuals come up with programs and solutions, and often spur creativity within deadlines. You can meet a lot of good programmers this way, and hack-a-thon competitions are often held around the globe.
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Take some classes. You don’t have to go back to school to get a Computer Science degree, but you can take a few classes that can delve deeper. Nothing could be better than getting practical help from people who are fluent in a programming language. Usually, you can find classes at your local community center and middle schools, and some colleges allow you to take computer science programs without enrolling. .
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    Consider learning C++. Once you have a good understanding of the C programming language, you can start learning C + +. This is a more modern version of C, and allows for a lot more flexibility. C++ was designed with object handling in mind, and can allow you to create more powerful programs for most operating systems.
  • Advice

    • Always add notes to your program. This section not only makes its source code visible to others, but also helps you remember what you’re writing and why you’re writing it. Right at the time of coding, you may know well what you are writing it for, but after two or three months, you probably won’t remember much about the purpose and reason for knowing the code.
    • Always remember to end a statement like printf(), scanf(), getch() etc with a semicolon (;) but never insert it after a control statement like ‘if’, ‘while’ or ‘for’.
    • When you get a syntax error while compiling, if you’re confused, look up the error you’re getting on Google (or another search engine). Chances are someone has had the same problem as you and posted a solution.
    • Your source code needs to have the *.c extension for the compiler to understand that it’s a C source file.
    • Has iron grinding makes perfect. The more you practice writing programs, the better you will become. So start with simple and short programs until you become more proficient and confident then you can move on to more complex programs.
    • Try to learn how to build logic. It helps to solve various problems while coding.
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    The C programming language is one of the oldest programming languages. This language was developed in the 70s, but it is still very powerful today thanks to its low-level language characteristics. Learning C is also a great way to educate yourself about more complex languages; in addition, the knowledge gained will be useful in most programming languages and can help you with application development. To learn how to get started programming in C, see Step 1 below.

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