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How to Prune an Olive Tree

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Olive trees are slow growing and generally require little annual pruning if they are healthy and well maintained. If you want to shape your olive tree when it is young or when it is 2 years old, check annually in late spring or early summer for a little pruning. You can expect your olive tree to live up to 50 years or more with little care.

Prune trees with the right tools

Image titled Prune an Olive Tree Step 1

Image titled Prune an Olive Tree Step 1

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Find clean, sharp tree pruners. Make sure the saw or pruner is clean and sharp. If your tool is old and unlikely to be sharp, you can re-sharpen it yourself or take it to a rental tool shop for a small fee. [1]

  • Dip the saw blade or pliers in isopropyl alcohol for 30 seconds to disinfect, then carefully dry with a clean towel.
Image titled Prune an Olive Tree Step 2

Image titled Prune an Olive Tree Step 2

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Use pliers to trim shoots smaller than 2.5 cm in diameter. Use double-edged pliers, available at hardware stores, to cut the smallest shoots and branches. Consider using a pair of pliers with an add-on to reduce effort when pruning trees. [2]

  • Buy double-edged pruners at hardware stores.
Image titled Prune an Olive Tree Step 3

Image titled Prune an Olive Tree Step 3

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Use a hand saw to cut branches up to 8 cm in diameter. For branches in the densest part of the canopy with a diameter of 2.5 – 8 cm, you should use a hand saw. You need a saw with a stiff blade and at least 38 cm long for the best results. [3]

  • A 38 cm hand saw is available at most hardware stores.
Image titled Prune an Olive Tree Step 4

Image titled Prune an Olive Tree Step 4

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Use a chainsaw to carefully cut large branches. With an old olive tree that has not been cared for for a long time and needs to cut off large branches, you may need to use a chainsaw. Use a light saw for less effort, and remember to take a break from time to time. Stand on the ground or stable surface and wear a helmet, glasses, gloves, and thick clothing. [4]

  • Avoid operating the chainsaw if you have a medical condition that can make you physically exhausted or if the saw is too heavy for you to control.
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Image titled Prune an Olive Tree Step 5

Image titled Prune an Olive Tree Step 5

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Cut branches diagonally. A slightly angled cut will help prevent water from seeping into the cut and infecting the plant. Cut close to the large branch from which it grows. [5]

  • Avoid leaving tree fragments when cutting. Cut short and close to the large branch.

Basic pose for olive tree

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Image titled Prune an Olive Tree Step 6

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Start pruning when the tree is about 1 meter tall. When the tree is 2 years old and about 1 m tall with 3-4 side branches, you can start the first pruning phase. [6]

  • Olive trees will not bear fruit until 3-4 years old, so this pruning is just to start shaping the tree for healthy growth and fruiting.
Image titled Prune an Olive Tree Step 7

Image titled Prune an Olive Tree Step 7

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Prune the tree once a year in late spring or early summer. When the tree starts to bear fruit it will be fall, so the ideal time to prune is just before the tree sprouts new shoots of the year. You should try to prune the tree on a dry day so that the new cuts do not become soggy and susceptible to infection. [7]

  • Olive trees grow quite slowly and generally do not need much pruning. Pruning once a year is enough.
Image titled Prune an Olive Tree Step 8

Image titled Prune an Olive Tree Step 8

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Avoid pruning young trees too much. It is important to strike a balance between the goal of styling the main structure of the tree with the goal of allowing the plant to grow and store energy. Young olive trees can become stunted if over-pruned. [8]

  • If your olive tree is a few years old but is not yet 1 meter tall and has not had more than 3-4 side branches sprouting from the trunk, you can postpone pruning to next year.
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Image titled Prune an Olive Tree Step 9

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Aim for the tree-shaped martini glass. The healthiest olive tree shape is the wide martini glass, with the stem being the base of the wine glass. Most of the branches grow lateral and slightly upward. The branches in the middle of the “wine glass” must be thinned so that light can enter. [9]
Image titled Prune an Olive Tree Step 10

Image titled Prune an Olive Tree Step 10

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Choose 3 or 4 strong side branches to give the tree the main shape. To begin creating the martini glass shape, you will choose 3-4 strong branches of the tree that grow outward and upward from the trunk to serve as the main structure of the tree. Leave smaller branches growing from these branches, even if they grow downwards. [10]

  • In addition to these 3-4 main branches, you can cut off any small, weak or upright branches.
  • If the tree has only 2 side branches, you can prune the other branches that appear to be very weak or grow almost upright, but next year you will need to find 2 more healthy branches to keep. Your ultimate goal is to have 4 strong side branches that serve as the main structure of the tree.

Annual pruning for tree maintenance

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Image titled Prune an Olive Tree Step 11

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Observe the tree while picking the fruit. When the olive tree bears fruit, you will find the main branches of the tree laden with fruit. These branches need to be kept. You will see other branches growing upright or some looking old and weak.

  • Note the upright, old, or weak branches that you should prune next year. [11]
  • Olive trees can stop fruiting for a year every 2 years. A slight annual pruning is still the best way to stimulate new shoots.
Image titled Prune an Olive Tree Step 12

Image titled Prune an Olive Tree Step 12

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Remove vertical branches. Branches that grow straight up, especially weak and thin branches near the top of the tree, should be removed. You also need to maintain the shape of the wine glass without the vertical branches cramming, so you will need to cut these as well. [12]

  • The principle here is to make the bird fly through the canopy. If your olive tree has many dense vertical branches in the middle, birds cannot fly through, and you need to remove these branches.
  • Olives only grow on the side branches, so another reason to prune upright branches is to help the tree concentrate energy on fruiting branches.
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Image titled Prune an Olive Tree Step 13

Image titled Prune an Olive Tree Step 13

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Cut the side branches that have exhausted their energy and are old and weak. As the olive tree ages, some of the side branches that grow from the main branch may age. When you look at the tree at the time of picking, you can see that the branches used to bear fruit but then stopped bearing fruit.

  • Cut these branches to stimulate the tree to grow more fruit branches. [13]
  • Image titled Prune an Olive Tree Step 14

    Image titled Prune an Olive Tree Step 14

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    Remove side shoots that grow under the tree at any time. Any shoots that grow below the tree’s fork, down to the base of the tree, should be removed. The branches are usually small, growing straight up or down, or out of the main shape of the tree. [14]

    • You can prune these side shoots at any time of the year, whether or not it’s the right time for annual pruning.

    • Warning

    • Be very careful while using pruning tools or equipment. Always wear gloves and protective clothing.

    Things you need

    • Sharp and clean hand saw or pruning pliers
    • Chainsaw and helmet (optional)
    • Goggles, gloves and thick clothing
    • Ladder

    Olive trees are slow growing and generally require little annual pruning if they are healthy and well maintained. If you want to shape your olive tree when it is young or when it is 2 years old, check annually in late spring or early summer for a little pruning. You can expect your olive tree to live up to 50 years or more with little care.

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