What is thrombocytopenia in children? Causes of platelet disorder

Decreased disorder in children is now very common, parents need to pay attention to find out the causes as well as some symptoms of platelet disorders and how to treat them to protect their children’s health in a good way. best.

What is thrombocytopenia in children?

What are platelets?

Platelets (English name: Platelets or Thrombocytes) are the smallest pieces of blood cells, when viewed under a microscope, platelets are dark purple dots. Platelets form as a circle or oval with biconvex (lens-like) surfaces approximately 2μm in diameter (ranged from 1.2–2.3 μm) with a maximum diameter of up to 3 μm, which is why why are they named like that?

Platelets play an important role in hemostasis in the human body. Accordingly, a urinary disorder is a condition that occurs when the number of platelets in your blood is too high or too low or your platelets do not work properly. Platelet disorders include: Impaired platelet function, thrombocytopenia and thrombocytopenia.

Thrombocytopenia disorder is one of the conditions of the disorder of platelets. A blood platelet count lower than 150,000 μL is called thrombocytopenia. Some types of thrombocytopenia are immune thrombocytopenia and thrombocytopenic purpura. When you have a low platelet count, your blood does not clot normally. You may have trouble stopping the bleeding.

Causes of platelet disorder

Causes of platelet disorders in children

The causes of thrombocytopenia are believed to be diverse, some of which are transient and can be treated with rapid recovery, while others require lifelong treatment. There are 3 main groups of causes of thrombocytopenia, which are: Increased platelet destruction and decreased platelet production, platelets trapped

Increased breakdown of platelets

Some conditions can cause your body to use up or destroy platelets faster than they are produced, leading to a shortage of platelets in the blood. Examples of conditions that increase platelet breakdown include:

• Pregnancy: Thrombocytopenia caused by pregnancy is usually mild and improves soon after childbirth.
• Immune thrombocytopenia: Autoimmune diseases, such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, cause this type. The body’s immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys platelets.
• Bacteria in the blood: A serious blood-related bacterial infection (bacteremia) can destroy children’s platelets.
• Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP): This is a condition commonly seen in adult women that occurs when small blood clots suddenly form throughout your body, using up some of them. large amount of platelets.
• Hemolytic uremic syndrome: This rare disorder causes a sharp drop in platelet counts, destruction of red blood cells, and impaired kidney function.
• Medications: Sometimes a drug upsets the immune system and causes it to destroy platelets. For example, heparin, quinine, sulfa-containing antibiotics or anticonvulsants can all destroy platelets.

Decreased platelet production

Platelets are produced inside the bone marrow. Some things that decrease platelet production include:

• Leukemia or some other cancer.
• Certain types of anemia.
• Infection with viruses, such as hepatitis C or HIV.
• Chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
• Drink a lot of alcohol.

Drinking too much alcohol can cause platelet disorders

Platelets are stuck

The spleen is a small fist-sized organ located just below the rib cage on the left side of your abdomen. Normally, your spleen works to fight infections and filter unwanted substances from your blood . The spleen becomes enlarged, which can be caused by some disorder, it contains too many platelets, thus reducing the number of platelets in the circulation.

Symptoms causing thrombocytopenia disorder in children

Some of the common symptoms that cause thrombocytopenia in children are:

• Easy or excessive bruising (purpura).
• Bleeding on the surface of the skin that appears as a rash with small purple-red spots (petechiae), usually on the lower legs.
• Prolonged bleeding from the cut.
• Bleeding from your gums or nosebleeds from your nose.
• Blood in urine or stools.
• Abnormally heavy menstrual flow.
• Tired.
• Large spleen.

Nosebleed is one of the symptoms causing thrombocytopenia disorder

Diagnosis of thrombocytopenia disorder

Thrombocytopenia can be identified by a number of things, such as:

• Blood tests: A complete blood count determines the number of blood cells, including platelets, in a sample of your blood.
• Physical exam, including a complete medical history: Your doctor will look for signs of bleeding under your skin and feel your abdomen to see if your spleen is enlarged. Your doctor will also ask you about any medical conditions you have had and any medications and supplements you have taken recently.

Diagnosing the cause of the thrombocytopenia disorder

• Your doctor may also recommend other tests and procedures to determine the cause of your condition, depending on your signs and symptoms.

Treatment of thrombocytopenia disorder

Depending on the cause and severity of thrombocytopenia, treatments may include:

• Watch and wait, as thrombocytopenia usually resolves on its own.
• Treat the cause, for example, treat the underlying cancer or stop the medication that can cause thrombocytopenia.
• Steroids to increase platelet count.

In more serious cases:

• Platelet transfusion.
• Intravenous immunoglobulin (a type of blood transfusion).
• Surgery to remove the spleen.

Platelet transfusion helps treat thrombocytopenia disorder

You may also have to:

• Avoid taking anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin or ibuprofen.
• Avoid certain traumatic activities.
• Avoid alcohol as it can affect platelet production.

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