What is RTOS operating system? Working principle and application of RTOS

In addition to the operating systems Windows, Android, IOS, … there is another operating system for smart watches is RTOS. Let’s refer to Tnhelearning.edu.vn What is RTOS operating system? Working principle and application of RTOS offline!

What is RTOS?

RTOS (Real-Time Operating System) is a real-time operating system , used in the field of designing embedded systems. RTOS is designed to address the requirements of real-time response and high performance for applications that need to process large amounts of data and perform multiple tasks simultaneously.

RTOS has the ability to dynamically manage and allocate CPU time to processes and data streams, and provides features related to timers, schedulers, real timers, and other functions. error control solution.

With these features, RTOS enables embedded applications to perform distributed tasks, respond quickly, and meet the top requirements of applications such as: IoT, self-driving cars, cloud computing, …

Real-Time Operating System

Working principle of RTOS

RTOS operates on two mechanisms, event-driven or time-sharing:

• The event-driven mechanism resolves and coordinates tasks through their priority.

Event-driven

• The time sharing mechanism switches tasks based on the interrupt response of the clock.

Time-sharing

Most RTOS operating systems use pre-emptive scheduling algorithm.

Classification of RTOS

RTOS is usually divided into 3 main types:

• Hard Real-Time Operating System: This type of operating system is capable of responding to real-time requirements in all cases, never missing an appointment. Applications that use a hard real-time operating system are usually devices that require immediate processing such as self-driving cars, drones, etc.
• Soft Real-Time Operating System: This type of operating system is guaranteed to meet real-time requirements but may miss appointments in certain situations. Applications that use soft real-time operating system are usually IoT applications, cloud computing, etc.
• Firm Real-Time Operating System: This type of operating system lies between Hard and Soft Real-Time Operating System. It ensures to perform the tasks according to the allotted time, however there may be some cases where the appointment is missed. Applications that use a firm real-time operating system are typically fast-responsive and data-processing applications such as automated control systems.

Classification of RTOS

Basic functions of RTOS

Scheduler (Scheduler)

There are three states:

• Ready to run: A state where the task has had enough resources to start but has not yet run. This is the prepared state of the task.
• Running: The state in which the task is being executed.
• Blocked: When the task does not have the necessary resources to run, it will be put in the blocked state

Real Time Services

RTOS services include:

• Interrupt handling services.
• Time management services (Time services).
• Device management services.
• Memory management services.
• Services to manage I/O connections (IO services).

Synchronization and Messaging

Messages are used to exchange information between different systems or between tasks. Message management services include:

• Semaphores: Used to synchronize access to shared resources.
• Event Flags: Used to synchronize activities that require coordination of multiple tasks.
• Mailboxes, Pipes, Message queues: Used to manage incoming and outgoing messages between tasks.

Three basic functions of RTOS

Advantages of RTOS

• High stability and reliability, so it can work for a long time without too much human intervention.
• Process quickly and efficiently for high-precision equipment.
• Uses very few resources and does not need too much RAM.
• RTOS generates very few errors and when they do, they are easy to detect.

Advantages of RTOS

Applications of RTOS

RTOS is a simple, lightweight system used for limited or simple systems, such as embedded devices. This makes them perfect for applications like:

• Switch phone.
• Industrial control.
• Flight control.
• Simulation in real time.
• Military applications.
• Houseware.
• Basic consumer electronics.

Applications of RTOS

Hopefully the above article has helped you better understand what RTOS is? Working principle and application of RTOS. If you have any questions, please leave a comment below for Tnhelearning.edu.vn to answer!