What is fiber optic cable? What is fiber optic network? Why is fiber optic cable interrupted?

If you are a regular user of network equipment or technology, you must have heard a lot about fiber optic cable. So let’s find out what fiber optic cable is and why fiber optic transmission is often interrupted!

What is fiber optic cable?

Fiber optic cable is a type of telecommunications cable commonly used today. This type of cable is formed from very small plastic or glass beads . The center conductor allows maximum transmission of light signals thanks to being made of glass fiber or refined plastic.

Optical fibers are coated with a lining to reflect signals well. Fiber optic cable works on a signal transmission mechanism and a light- based network. Thanks to this mechanism, fiber optic cables can transmit signals long distances, quickly and with little interference.

Fiber optic cable works on the signal transmission mechanism and the network relies on light

Fiber optic cable classification

Fiber optic cables are divided into two main types: Multimode and Singlemode.

• Multimode fiber optic cable: a type of fiber optic cable with a large core and pulsed light rays that travel many different paths in the core.
• Singlemode fiber: a type of fiber with a smaller core than a Multimode cable. Along with that, the coefficient of refraction from the core to the cladding is also less than Multimode.

There are two main types of fiber optic cables: Multimode and Singlemode

Common types of fiber optic cables

On the market today, there are many different types of fiber optic cables, of which the most common and popular are the following types of optical cables:

• FTTH (Fiber To The Home): This cable is also known as subscriber optical fiber, often used by Internet service providers to transmit the Internet to households and small LAN users.
• Fiber optic cable for draining: the cable that is usually pulled under the tank drain has a round shape, a hard shell. Owning loose buffer technology, this fiber optic cable is easy to move, not broken or damaged by external influences.
• Field optical cable: the cable is designed to be flexible and mobile, hard to be affected by external factors. This fiber optic cable is usually curled to make it easy to pull in and out and move, often used in military or live broadcast spots.

Field fiber optic cable is often used in the military, live hotspot

• Suspension fiber optic cable: the same cable as the fiber optic cable, but it is further processed with reinforced steel wire to form a figure 8, increasing elasticity. This is the type of cable commonly found in power poles.
• Direct burial cable: commonly known as metal sewer fiber optic cable. This type of cable is more advanced than fiber optic cable because it has a metal sheath. Cables are buried directly in the ground or pulled under drains and are not damaged from external influences.
• ADSS fiber optic cable: this type of cable is also known as overpass optical cable or non-metallic fiber optic cable. The cable is specifically designed to hang on the trunk line with long distances from 100m, 200m, 300m , … but still ensures the strength.

ADSS fiber optic cable is specially designed for long distance transmission but still durable

What is fiber optic network?

Fiber optic network, also known as fiber optic Internet (FTTH), is a telecommunications service with broadband often installed by Internet service providers for households, offices, companies,…

The advantage of this fiber optic cable compared to previous cables is the fast signal transmission speed , which increases the user experience when using the Internet.

You can check if your home’s fiber optic cable is FTTH by looking on the router if there is one or two long fiber optic cables, connected to a receiver and then through a signal converter before entering the router, it is FTTH . But there are some devices that do not need a receiver but go directly to the network device.

Operation diagram of fiber optic network (FTTH)

Features of fiber optic network

The main characteristics you can feel when using fiber optic network are:

• High speed: The principle of operation thanks to light to transmit signals and networks, so fiber optic cable has a far and fast transmission speed that is superior to previous cables.
• Broadband: When using fiber optic cable with broadband, users will have a smooth and fast experience when using applications and websites with international connections such as Facebook, Youtube, Tiktok,…
• High stability: Fiber optic Internet has much higher stability than previous cables.

Fiber optic cable with broadband will help you smoothly experience websites with international transmission

Compare TTH fiber cable and ADSL copper cable

ADSL copper cable	Fiber Optic Cable FTTH
Signaling environment	Electrical signal	Light
Committed international transfer rate	No commitment	Greater than or equal to 256Kbps
Cable length	Up to 500m	Up to 10km
Stability	The stability is not good, easily affected by external agents. Decaying over time, the signal is lost during transmission.	High stability, not affected by external agents. No loss in transmission so always reach full speed ahead of time.
Confidentiality	Short It is possible that information is stolen on the line. Lightning conductor should easily affect the server and data system.	High Information is not stolen on the line, ensuring the safety of data because it does not conduct lightning.
Ability to download and upload	Not suitable because the speed is low and the upload direction cannot exceed 1 Mbps. The modem does not support Wireless.	Suitable for very high speed and can customize download and upload speed. The modem supports Wireless.
Transmission speed	No equal needed. Up to 20 Mbps	Balance. The maximum is 10 Gbps.

Why is fiber optic transmission weak and interrupted?

In the process of using fiber optic cable, sometimes users will encounter a weak network that disrupts your experience.

There are many reasons leading to the interruption of fiber optic transmission lines, but most of them are due to the breakage of the undersea fiber optic cable because of natural disasters or external impacts that affect the traffic and bandwidth of the Internet transmission line.

The undersea fiber optic cable is broken, affecting the bandwidth of the Internet connection

Above, Dien May Xanh has provided you with the definition of fiber optic cable as well as the reason why fiber optic transmission is often interrupted. If you have any questions, please leave your information below to let Tnhelearning.edu.vn know!