What is Aptomat? Causes and ways to fix Aptomat keeps jumping

Aptomat is an electrical device that plays an important role in every home. During use, if the aptomat is continuously jumped, it will greatly affect the electrical system. Let’s follow the article below with Tnhelearning.edu.vn to understand the aptomat, the causes and how to fix the aptomat that is constantly jumping in detail!

What is Aptomat?

The concept of Aptomat

Aptomat is the Russian word used to call an automatic switching device, also known as an automatic circuit breaker , abbreviated as CB (Circuit Breaker) or abbreviated as Ace.

Aptomat has an important role in the power system, the main task of Aptomat is to protect the circuit , prevent overload, short circuit, voltage drop, reverse power transmission, anti-shock, anti-leakage, magnetic protection. heat.

Classification of Aptomat

– Based on structure:

MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) and MCCB (Moulded Case Circuit Breaker) block Aptomat have overload and short circuit protection function.

– Based on the number of phases/poles:

• ​Aptomat 1 phase: 1 pole
• Aptomat 1 phase + neutral (1P+N): 2 poles
• Aptomat 2 phase: 2 poles
• Aptomat 3 phase: 3 poles
• Aptomat 3 phase + neutral (3P+N): 4 poles
• Aptomat 4 phase: 4 poles.

– Based on function:

• Normal Aptomat: MCB and MCCB have overload and short circuit protection.
• Aptomat for leakage protection: RCCB (Residual Current Circuit Breaker – Aptomat to prevent leakage current), RCBO (Residual Current Circuit Breaker with Overcurrent Protection – Aptomat to prevent leakage current and overload protection) and ELCB (Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker – Aptomat) leakage current protection and block overload protection).

– Based on short-circuit breaking current:

• Low cutting current: Usually used in civil.
• Standard cutting current: Usually applied in industry.
• High cutting current: Usually applied in industrial and special applications.

– Based on the ability to adjust the current: Aptomat has a constant rated current and Aptomat adjusts the rated current.

Structure of Aptomat

The structure of Aptomat includes: Contact, arc extinguishing box, cutting drive and protective hook Aptomat.

Contacts of Aptomat

Aptomat usually has two contact levels , including: Main contact used to conduct electricity and arc or can be three contact levels : Main, auxiliary and arcing contacts (sub-contacts are used to prevent arcing from spreading to the next contact). main point).

When the Aptomat closes the circuit, at this time the arc contact closes first, then the auxiliary contact and finally the main contact. Conversely, when the circuit is cut off, the main contact will open first, then the auxiliary contact and lastly the arc contact.

Aptomat’s arc extinguishing box

Normally, in the common arc extinguishing chamber, which is divided into many short sections, there are steel plates arranged in a grid to facilitate arc extinguishing.

The arc-extinguishing devices have 2 types, semi-closed and open-type, for Aptomat to extinguish arcs in working modes of the electrical system.

Aptomat . cutting actuator

The Aptomat cutting drive is usually controlled manually and by electromechanical (electromagnetic, electric motor).

Manual cutting is done with Aptomats with rated current lower than 600A and an extra hand is used according to the lever principle to increase the hand control force.

For electromechanical (electromagnetic) control used in Aptomats with large currents up to 1000A , in addition we can also control by electric motor or by compressed air.

Protective hook Aptomat

The protection hook will act when the circuit shows signs of overcurrent (overload or short circuit) and voltage drop to help Aptomat automatically cut off power, avoiding problems.

Overcurrent protection hook (peak current protection hook) is usually made of electronic hook and thermal relay system, located inside the CB. Overcurrent protection hook is used in CB with rated current up to 600A , has the function of protecting electrical equipment from overload and short circuit.

The voltage drop protection hook (low voltage protective hook) is usually used in an electromagnetic style, with a coil connected in parallel with the main circuit, this winding is wound a few turns with a small cross-sectional wire subject to the supply voltage.

The principle of operation of Aptomat

For maximum current Aptomat lines:

After energizing, the Aptomat will be in the closed contact state because the hooks match at the same dynamic contact group. When turning on the Aptomat in the ON state , with the rated current, the electromagnet will not attract.

When the circuit is overloaded or short-circuited, the electromagnetic attraction in the electromagnet will create a suction force, causing the hook joints to open, spring 1 is released, leading to the Aptomat contacts being opened, the electric circuit will be disconnected.

For low voltage Aptomat lines:

When the Aptomat is in the ON state , with the rated voltage, the electromagnet will generate suction. When the voltage drop is excessive, the electromagnet will push the spring and the hooks out to the free state, resulting in the Aptomat contacts being opened, the circuit is disconnected.

What causes Aptomat to jump?

Here are some causes of Aptomat jumping, please note!

Power lines are overloaded

Aptomat jumps continuously maybe because your power source is overloaded, this case happens when you use too many electrical devices at the same time, leading to the Aptomat’s capacity being overloaded.

The main power line has a problem that causes fire and short-circuit

When the main power line in your area has problems such as fire or short circuit, it also makes the Aptomat unstable, leading to continuous jumping.

Leaking electricity

Leaked electricity can cause danger to the user’s life, in which case the Aptomat will jump to cut off all current. This phenomenon usually occurs when you make the wrong wiring while installing the Aptomat or the wall wiring is faulty.

Aptomat malfunctions during use

Because the reed bar in the Aptomat turns on / off many times during use, exceeding the preset number of starts, it will wear out and make the contacts worse. Therefore, the current flowing through flickers and causes the Aptomat to jump continuously.

In addition, if you use Aptomat of unknown origin, poor quality may also be the cause of Aptomat jumping continuously during use.

How to fix the situation of Aptomat jumping

To fix the problem of Aptomat jumping continuously, please refer to the steps below.

Step 1: Prepare necessary equipment such as screwdrivers, drills, 1 new Aptomat, 1 Anti-shock Aptomat and electricity meter.

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Step 2: Disconnect the power of the devices in use and turn on the Aptomat, if the Aptomat does not jump, it means that the electrical appliances in the house have a problem. If Aptomat still jumps, proceed to Step 3.

Step 3: Remove the switch and electrical outlet, leave the negative and positive terminals separate and glue them together with insulating tape. Turn on Aptomat if you see Aptomat jump continuously, the cause is a malfunction of the wall power line. You proceed to the next steps.

Step 4: Connect the anti-shock Aptomat directly to the input power source. Next, install the power lines in turn to the output of the anti-shock Aptomat. If any line causes the Aptomat to jump, it means that the line is damaged.

Step 5 : Replace the old power line, insert the new one, and then reinstall it. You can use a drill to run a new power line in the wall.

Above is the article that provides you with what Aptomat is, the causes and how to fix the aptomat jumping continuously. Hope to bring you useful information. If you have any questions, please leave a comment below!