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Household water pump is a very important device in daily life. So what is a water pump? What is the working principle and function of a water pump? You and Tnhelearning.edu.vn learn about water pumps in the article below.
What is a water pump?
A water pump is a hydraulic machine that receives energy from the outside (mechanical energy, electrical energy, hydroelectricity, …) and transfers energy to the fluid flow, thereby bringing the liquid to a certain height. or move liquid through the pipeline system.
In a nutshell, a water pump is a machine used in households ( pumping water into a tank, boosting a washing machine, … ) Besides, the pump also helps to transport water from one place to another, increase pressure for water pipes for boilers, backup for fire protection systems, chemical pumps in factories,…
Structure of the water pump
The structure of the water pump consists of two main parts: the electric motor and the pump head.
– Electric motors include:
- Motor housing: Protects the internal components of the electric motor.
- Static part (Stator): The basic component of an electric motor.
- Rotary Shaft (Rotor): Transmits motion through the pump head.
- Fan: Cools the engine.
- Bearing: Fixes the position of the rotor and allows the rotor to rotate.
- Electrical panel: Transmits power into the motor.
Pump head includes:
- Pump cover: Pump body, protects the hydraulic part of the pump.
- Impeller: Creates and directs the movement of water inside the pump.
- Pump Wheel: Converts the energy or motion produced by the impeller into pressure.
- Mechanical seal: Prevents water from entering the engine.
- Round seals: Seals between pump components.
Working principle of water pump
Principle of operation: The water pump operates on the general principle of sucking all the air out of a pipe (creating a vacuum) causing the pressure in the pipe to decrease to 0. At that time, atmospheric pressure is applied. surface of the water, causing the water in the tube to rise.
When the pump body and suction pipe are fully supplied with water, the machine will operate according to the suction and push process , this suction and push process is continuously taking place to create a non-stop flow to help transport water.
When to use a water pump?
Water pump is an indispensable machine in household activities, applications in construction, fire prevention, …
For example:
– Submersible pump: pump water from bore wells or groundwater for domestic use, push water to fountains, part of basement drainage system, pump water into water tanks in households, tanks swimming pools, small gas tunnels and agricultural or livestock irrigation.
– Booster pump: used for the main purpose is to increase the pressure of the water flowing in the pipeline, making the water circulate to the nozzles with stronger pressure. Often used to boost washing machine pressure, helping to pump water into the machine more powerfully, thereby saving time for users.
– Water supply pump is used to supply domestic water, circulating water from one tank to another.
– Fire pumps are used to prevent and respond promptly when a fire occurs.
– Pressure compensation pumps are used to compensate for pressure for water systems, when the water systems lose pressure, this pump system will have the task of operating to compensate for pressure.
Some popular types of water pumps today
1. Impeller pump
Impeller pump is a type of pump that works when the motor rotates the impeller, under the action of the impeller module of the pump, water is sucked in through the suction pipe.
Usually water is drawn parallel to the pump shaft and blown out in different directions. Depending on the design of the manufacturer, there will be different types of pumps: axial pump, axial pump and mixed pump.
2. Lifting air pump
Lifting air pumps are also used for stream generation, water injection. Lifting air pumps are also operated on the principle that air is pumped down to the pump body underwater. Here it is mixed with water to form a gas + water mixture. This mixture is lighter than water, so it is pushed up to form a pressure stream that brings water up through the pump body.
3. Submersible electric pump
The submersible electric pump is a combined centrifugal pump. Electricity is passed through the wire to rotate the motor. Water is sucked up from the suction mouth by suction from the impeller of the centrifugal pump, after being transported through the pump body, the water is brought through the pump push pipe.
4. Centrifugal pump
Centrifugal pumps occupy the majority of the market, used to pump water in the home or production. This type works on the principle of centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the impeller driven by an electric motor.
5. Spray pump
The spray pump type water pump works on the principle of using an auxiliary pump or compressed air to create an initial displacement in the pump body. The displacement of compressed air or liquid from the auxiliary pump creates a low pressure area behind the pump body. Because of that, water is transmitted through the body of the pump.
6. Piston pump
Piston pump is a specialized type in production, operating by creating suction and thrust force entirely based on the compression and discharge stroke of the piston in the cylinder.
Hopefully with the above article you can choose to buy the most suitable pump for your family!
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