Tnhelearning.edu.vn - Various useful general information portal

Urban Planning in the 15-Minute City: Revisited under Sustainable and Smart City Developments until 2030

by Category: Top

You are viewing the article Urban Planning in the 15-Minute City: Revisited under Sustainable and Smart City Developments until 2030  at Tnhelearning.edu.vn you can quickly access the necessary information in the table of contents of the article below.

Urban Planning in the 15-Minute City: Revisited under Sustainable and Smart City Developments until 2030

Abstract

:

1. Introduction

2. The Eight Urban-Planning Premises of a 15-Minute City

3. Methodology

3.1. Rationale and Research Question

3.2. Research Design

4. Results

4.1. Emerging Developments in Sustainable and Smart Cities through 2030

4.2. Revisiting Urban-Planning Premises in the FMC in the Light of Emerging Developments through 2030

  • Theme 1: Proximity-based planning
  • Theme 2: Use of Land and Urban Form
  • Theme 3: Urban Governance and Citizen Engagement
–
Real-estate policymaking, ensuring that the right urban functions are in place, processes are made faster, and market gaps are addressed.
–
Policymaking for social inclusion and justice to ensure sure that social missing is nurtured and protected, basic urban amenities are accessible and secure (physically and digitally), and that there is adequate affordable housing (which can also be addressed through real-estate policymaking).
–
Policymaking for climate resilience to ensure that open and green spaces within and around the edges of the FMC are well protected, embedded, and connected with the urban fabric, along with facilitating and incentivizing the use of renewable energy at both the individual and community levels.
  • Theme 4: Inclusive Digitalization

5. Conclusions: Planning Now for a More Sustainable Urban Future

Author Contributions

Funding

Data Availability Statement

Conflicts of Interest

References

  1. Moreno, C. The 15-Minute City (TED Video). Available online: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQ2f4sJVXAI (accessed on 12 April 2022).
  2. Pozoukidou, G.; Chatziyiannaki, Z. 15-Minute City: Decomposing the New Urban Planning Eutopia. Sustainability 2021, 13, 928. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  3. City of Portland, Bureau of Planning and Sustainability. The Portland Plan (Study). Available online: https://www.portlandonline.com/portlandplan/index.cfm?c=56527 (accessed on 9 March 2022).
  4. Perry, C.A. The Neighborhood Unit. A Scheme of Arrangement for the Family Life Community (Study). Reg. Plan N. Y. Reg. Surv. N. Y. Its Env. 1929, 7, 1. [Google Scholar]
  5. Mouratidis, K.; Yiannakou, A. COVID-19 and Urban Planning: Built Environment, Health, and Well-Being in Greek Cities before and during the Pandemic. Cities 2022, 121, 103491. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  6. Vatavali, F.; Gareiou, Z.; Kehagia, F.; Zervas, E. Impact of COVID-19 on Urban Everyday Life in Greece. Perceptions, Experiences and Practices of the Active Population. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9410. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  7. Laopoulou, M.; Pozoukidou, G. The “Meanwhile” City: Temporary Land Uses and Flexible Planning Strategies for Urban Crisis Recovery. under Publication.
  8. Moreno, C.; Allam, Z.; Chabaud, D.; Gall, C.; Pratlong, F. Introducing the “15-Minute City”: Sustainability, Resilience and Place Identity in Future Post-Pandemic Cities. Smart Cities 2021, 4, 93–111. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  9. Amirzadeh, M.; Sobhaninia, S.; Sharifi, A. Urban Resilience: A Vague or an Evolutionary Concept? Sustain. Cities Soc. 2022, 81, 103853. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  10. RRI2SCALE. Responsible Research and Innovation Ecosystems at Regional Scale for Intelligent Cities, Transport and Energy. European Commission, Horizon 2020 Programme (Grant Agreement No. 872526). Available online: https://rri2scale.eu/ (accessed on 12 April 2022).
  11. Angelidou, M.; Politis, C.; Psarra, F.; Trendafili, K.; Fellnhofer, K.; Bakratsas, T.; Panori, A.; Buongiovanni, C.; Kuijper, J.A.T. Report on the Identification of Emerging Territorial Trends, Drivers & Potential Impacts (D2.1 of the European Commission, Horizon 2020 Project ‘RRI2SCALE: Responsible Research and Innovation Ecosystems at Regional Scale for Intelligent Cities, Transport and Energy’ Project, Grant Agreement No. 872526). Available online: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/872526/results (accessed on 12 April 2022).
  12. Kamruzzaman, L. Typologies of 20-Minute Neighbourhoods, Active Transport Use, and Spatial Spillovers. Findings 2022, 33158. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  13. Sharifi, A.; Khavarian-Garmsir, A.R. The COVID-19 Pandemic: Impacts on Cities and Major Lessons for Urban Planning, Design, and Management. Sci. Total Environ. 2020, 749, 142391. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  14. Teller, J. Urban Density and COVID-19: Towards an Adaptive Approach. Build. Cities 2021, 2, 150–165. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  15. Shatu, F.; Kamruzzaman, M. Determining Optimum Design Density for 20-Minute Neighbourhoods. Findings 2021, 27391. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  16. Park, K.; Ewing, R.; Sabouri, S.; Choi, D.; Hamidi, S.; Tian, G. Guidelines for a Polycentric Region to Reduce Vehicle Use and Increase Walking and Transit Use. J. Am. Plan. Assoc. 2020, 86, 236–249. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  17. Zhang, W.; Lu, D.; Zhao, Y.; Luo, X.; Yin, J. Incorporating Polycentric Development and Neighborhood Life-Circle Planning for Reducing Driving in Beijing: Nonlinear and Threshold Analysis. Cities 2022, 121, 103488. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  18. Rappaport, J. Consumption Amenities and City Population Density. Reg. Sci. Urban Econ. 2008, 38, 533–552. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  19. Duranton, G.; Puga, D. The Economics of Urban Density. J. Econ. Perspect. 2020, 34, 3–26. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  20. Macharia, P.M.; Ray, N.; Giorgi, E.; Okiro, E.A.; Snow, R.W. Defining Service Catchment Areas in Low-Resource Settings. BMJ Glob. Health 2021, 6, e006381. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  21. Delventhal, M.J.; Kwon, E.; Parkhomenko, A. Journal of Urban Economics Insight: How Do Cities Change When We Work from Home? J. Urban Econ. 2022, 127, 103331. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  22. Everett, C. How the “15-Minute City” Will Transform Work (Raconteur). Available online: https://www.raconteur.net/workplace/15-minute-city/ (accessed on 31 March 2022).
  23. Crang, M. Rhythms of the City: Temporalised Space and Motion. In Timespace: Geographies of Temporality; Routledge: London, UK, 2001; pp. 187–207. [Google Scholar]
  24. Abdelfattah, L.; Deponte, D.; Fossa, G. The 15-Minute City: Interpreting the Model to Bring out Urban Resiliencies. Transp. Res. Procedia 2022, 60, 330–337. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  25. Tao, T.; Wu, X.; Cao, J.; Fan, Y.; Das, K.; Ramaswami, A. Exploring the Nonlinear Relationship between the Built Environment and Active Travel in the Twin Cities. J. Plan. Educ. Res. 2020, 0739456X20915765. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  26. Pozoukidou, G. Designing a Green Infrastructure Network for Metropolitan Areas: A Spatial Planning Approach. Euro-Mediterr. J. Environ. Integr. 2020, 5, 1–15. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  27. World Bank. Available online: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/pt/402451468169453117/pdf/AUS8539-REVISED-WP-P148654-PUBLIC-Box393236B-Inclusive-Cities-Approach-Paper-w-Annexes-final.pdf (accessed on 9 March 2022).
  28. Angelidou, M.; Fróes, I.; Karachaliou, E.; Wippoo, M. Co-Creation Techniques and Tools for Sustainable and Inclusive Planning at Neighbourhood Level. Experience from Four European Research and Innovation Projects. In Proceedings of the Advances in Mobility-as-a-Service Systems: Proceedings of 5th Conference on Sustainable Urban Mobility, Virtual Conference, 17–19 June 2020; Springer: Heraklion Crete, Greece, 2020; pp. 562–572. [Google Scholar]
  29. Angelidou, M. Tactical Urbanism: Reclaiming the Right to Use Public Spaces in Thessaloniki, Greece; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2018; pp. 241–248. [Google Scholar]
  30. Rajan, S.R.; Duncan, C.A. Ecologies of Hope: Environment, Technology and Habitation-Case Studies from the Intervenient Middle. J. Political Ecol. 2013, 20, 70–79. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green Version]
  31. Bessant, K.C. Evolving Conceptions of Community. In The Relational Fabric of Community; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2018; pp. 65–97. [Google Scholar]
  32. Chinis, I.; Pozoukidou, G.; Istoriou, T. Renegotiating Spatial Planning Practices: The Role of Collective Initiatives and Informal Networks. Eur. Plan. Stud. 2021, 1–18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  33. Istoriou, T.; Pozoukidou, G. Towards a Collaborative Future? The Emerging Ecosystems of Citizens’ Initiatives in the City of Thessaloniki (in Greek); University Studio Press: Thessaloniki, Greece, 2019; pp. 455–465. [Google Scholar]
  34. Angelidou, M.; Balla, C.; Manousaridou, A.; Marmeloudis, S.; Nalmpantis, D. Spatial Planning for Urban Resilience. Assessing Current Prospects through a Multilevel Approach and a Use Case in Northern Greece. Reg. Sci. Inq. 2018, 10, 33–45. [Google Scholar]
  35. Allam, Z.; Bibri, S.E.; Jones, D.S.; Chabaud, D.; Moreno, C. Unpacking the ‘15-Minute City’via 6G, IoT, and Digital Twins: Towards a New Narrative for Increasing Urban Efficiency, Resilience, and Sustainability. Sensors 2022, 22, 1369. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  36. European Foresight Platform. Delphi Study. Available online: http://www.foresight-platform.eu/community/forlearn/how-to-do-foresight/methods/classical-delphi/ (accessed on 9 March 2022).
  37. Angelidou, M.; Politis, C. Dataset: RRI2SCALE_D2.1_Delphi Survey_2021.10.15_v1. 2021. Available online: https://zenodo.org/record/5571361#.Y0OWQ0xBxPY (accessed on 9 March 2022).
  38. Van Ham, M.; Tammaru, T.; Ubarevičienė, R.; Janssen, H.J. Rising Inequalities and a Changing Social Geography of Cities: An Introduction to the Global Segregation Book. In Urban Socio-Economic Segregation and Income Inequality: A Global Perspective; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2021; pp. 3–26. [Google Scholar]
  39. Nijskens, R.; Lohuis, M.; Hilbers, P.; Heeringa, W. Hot Property: The Housing Market in Major Cities; Springer: Cham, Switzerland, 2019; Volume 15. [Google Scholar]
  40. Afrin, T.; Yodo, N. A Survey of Road Traffic Congestion Measures towards a Sustainable and Resilient Transportation System. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4660. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  41. Khomenko, S.; Cirach, M.; Pereira-Barboza, E.; Mueller, N.; Barrera-Gómez, J.; Rojas-Rueda, D.; de Hoogh, K.; Hoek, G.; Nieuwenhuijsen, M. Premature Mortality Due to Air Pollution in European Cities: A Health Impact Assessment. Lancet Planet. Health 2021, 5, e121–e134. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  42. Kaivonen, S.; Ngai, E.C.-H. Real-Time Air Pollution Monitoring with Sensors on City Bus. Digit. Commun. Netw. 2020, 6, 23–30. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  43. United Nations. World Urbanisation Prospects: The 2018 Revision. Available online: https://population.un.org/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2018-Report.pdf (accessed on 12 April 2022).
  44. Mitsch, F.; Lee, N.; Morrow, E.R. Faith No More? The Divergence of Political Trust between Urban and Rural Europe. Political Geogr. 2021, 89, 102426. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  45. Chakravarty, D.; Goerzen, A.; Musteen, M.; Ahsan, M. Global Cities: A Multi-Disciplinary Review and Research Agenda. J. World Bus. 2021, 56, 101182. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  46. Meerow, S. A Green Infrastructure Spatial Planning Model for Evaluating Ecosystem Service Tradeoffs and Synergies across Three Coastal Megacities. Environ. Res. Lett. 2019, 14, 125011. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green Version]
  47. Guastella, G.; Oueslati, W.; Pareglio, S. Patterns of Urban Spatial Expansion in European Cities. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2247. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green Version]
  48. Yasin, M.Y.; Yusoff, M.M.; Abdullah, J.; Noor, N.M. Is Urban Sprawl a Threat to Sustainable Development? A Review of Characteristics and Consequences. Geografia 2020, 16, 56–68. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  49. United Nations. Smart Cities and Infrastructure (Report of the Secretary-General). Available online: https://unctad.org/meetings/en/SessionalDocuments/ecn162016d2_en.pdf (accessed on 12 April 2022).
  50. Agbali, M.; Trillo, C.; Ibrahim, I.A.; Arayici, Y.; Fernando, T. Are Smart Innovation Ecosystems Really Seeking to Meet Citizens’ Needs? Insights from the Stakeholders’ Vision on Smart City Strategy Implementation. Smart Cities 2019, 2, 307–327. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  51. Atha, K.; Callahan, J.; Chen, J.; Drun, J.; Green, K.; Lafferty, B.; McReynolds, J.; Mulvenon, J.; Rosen, B.; Walz, E. China’s Smart Cities Development (Research Report Prepared on Behalf of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission (SOS International LLC Report). Available online: https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/2020-04/China_Smart_Cities_Development.pdf (accessed on 9 March 2022).
  52. European Commission. A European Green Deal. Striving to Be the First Climate-Neutral Continent. Available online: https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal_en (accessed on 9 March 2022).
  53. European Commission 100 Climate-Neutral Cities by 2030; By and for the Citizens (Directorate-General for Research and Innovation). Available online: https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/347806 (accessed on 9 March 2022).
  54. United Nations. New Urban Agenda (Report). Available online: https://habitat3.org/the-new-urban-agenda/ (accessed on 9 March 2022).
  55. United Nations. Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015–2030) (Report). Available online: https://www.undrr.org/publication/sendai-framework-disaster-risk-reduction-2015-2030 (accessed on 9 March 2022).
  56. De Falco, S.; Angelidou, M.; Addie, J.-P.D. From the “Smart City” to the “Smart Metropolis”? Building Resilience in the Urban Periphery. Eur. Urban Reg. Stud. 2019, 26, 205–223. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green Version]
  57. Angelidou, M. Smart Cities: A Conjuncture of Four Forces. Cities 2015, 47, 95–106. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  58. Global System for Mobile Communications. The Mobile Economy 2020. Available online: https://www.gsma.com/mobileeconomy/ (accessed on 9 March 2022).
  59. Ahmed, I.; Zhang, Y.; Jeon, G.; Lin, W.; Khosravi, M.R.; Qi, L. A Blockchain-and Artificial Intelligence-enabled Smart IoT Framework for Sustainable City. Int. J. Intell. Syst. 2022, 37, 6493–6507. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  60. Yu, Z.; Song, L.; Jiang, L.; Sharafi, O.K. Systematic Literature Review on the Security Challenges of Blockchain in IoT-Based Smart Cities. Kybernetes 2021, 51, 323–347. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  61. Han, M.J.N.; Kim, M.J. A Critical Review of the Smart City in Relation to Citizen Adoption towards Sustainable Smart Living. Habitat Int. 2021, 108, 102312. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  62. Peng, G.C.A.; Nunes, M.B.; Zheng, L. Impacts of Low Citizen Awareness and Usage in Smart City Services: The Case of London’s Smart Parking System. Inf. Syst. e-Bus. Manag. 2017, 15, 845–876. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  63. Lee, J.B.; Porumbescu, G.A. Engendering Inclusive E-Government Use through Citizen IT Training Programs. Gov. Inf. Q. 2019, 36, 69–76. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  64. Mora, L.; Deakin, M.; Zhang, X.; Batty, M.; de Jong, M.; Santi, P.; Appio, F.P. Sustainable Smart City Transitions: Theoretical Foundations, Sociotechnical Assemblage and Governance Mechanisms; Routledge: London, UK, 2022; ISBN 1-00-054078-2. [Google Scholar]
  65. OECD. Digital Government Index (DGI) 2019. Results and Key Messages (Report). Available online: https://www.oecd.org/gov/digital-government/digital-government-index-2019-highlights.pdf (accessed on 9 March 2022).
  66. Komninos, N. Intelligent Cities: Variable Geometries of Spatial Intelligence. Intell. Build. Int. 2011, 3, 172–188. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  67. De Mello, L.; Ter-Minassian, T. Digitalisation Challenges and Opportunities for Subnational Governments (OECD Report). Available online: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/taxation/digitalisation-challenges-and-opportunities-for-subnational-governments_9582594a-en (accessed on 9 March 2022).
  68. Lindgren, I.; Madsen, C.Ø.; Hofmann, S.; Melin, U. Close Encounters of the Digital Kind: A Research Agenda for the Digitalization of Public Services. Gov. Inf. Q. 2019, 36, 427–436. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  69. Sepasgozar, S.M.; Hawken, S.; Sargolzaei, S.; Foroozanfa, M. Implementing Citizen Centric Technology in Developing Smart Cities: A Model for Predicting the Acceptance of Urban Technologies. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. 2019, 142, 105–116. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  70. Luo, X.-G.; Zhang, H.-B.; Zhang, Z.-L.; Yu, Y.; Li, K. A New Framework of Intelligent Public Transportation System Based on the Internet of Things. IEEE Access 2019, 7, 55290–55304. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  71. Asiag, J.J. Smart Cities Transportation Systems, Are What Make Smart Cities Smart (Otonomo). Available online: https://otonomo.io/blog/smart-cities-transportation-systems/ (accessed on 12 April 2022).
  72. Nikitas, A.; Michalakopoulou, K.; Njoya, E.T.; Karampatzakis, D. Artificial Intelligence, Transport and the Smart City: Definitions and Dimensions of a New Mobility Era. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2789. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green Version]
  73. European Commission. Joint Research Centre. Energy Communities: An Overview of Energy and Social Innovation; Publications Office of the European Union: Luxembourg, 2020. [Google Scholar]
  74. Dóci, G. Collective Action with Altruists: How Are Citizens-Led Renewable Energy Communities Developed? Sustainability 2021, 13, 507. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  75. smartEn. The SmartEn Map 2020-Prosumers (Report). Available online: https://smarten.eu/the-smarten-map-2020-prosumers/ (accessed on 9 March 2022).
  76. REN21. Renewables 2019 Global Status Report. Available online: https://www.ren21.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/gsr_2019_full_report_en.pdf (accessed on 9 March 2022).
  77. Sołtysik, M.; Kozakiewicz, M.; Jasiński, J. Profitability of Prosumers According to Various Business Models—An Analysis in the Light of the COVID-19 Effect. Energies 2021, 14, 8488. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  78. Bin, Z. Key Enabling Technologies for Prosumer Energy Management (Call for Manuscripts in Closed Special Sections). Available online: https://ieeeaccess.ieee.org/closed-special-sections/key-enabling-technologies-for-prosumer-energy-management/ (accessed on 9 March 2022).
  79. McLean, L.; Roggema, R. Planning for a Prosumer Future: The Case of Central Park, Sydney. Urban Plan. 2019, 4, 172–186. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green Version]
  80. Skowron, J.; Flynn, M. The Challenge of Paying for Smart Cities Projects. Available online: https://www2.deloitte.com/xe/en/insights/industry/dcom/the-challenge-of-paying-for-smart-cities-projects.html (accessed on 11 March 2022).
  81. Law, K.; Lynch, J. Smart City: Technologies and Challenges (IEEE Computer Society Report). Available online: https://par.nsf.gov/servlets/purl/10126466 (accessed on 9 March 2022).
  82. Mirzaee, A.M.; Sardroud, J.M. Public–Private-Partnerships (PPP) Enabled Smart City Funding and Financing. In Smart Cities Policies and Financing; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2022; pp. 117–131. [Google Scholar]
  83. Allam, Z.; Newman, P. Redefining the Smart City: Culture, Metabolism and Governance. Smart Cities 2018, 1, 4–25. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green Version]
  84. Mora, L.; Deakin, M.; Reid, A.; Angelidou, M. How to Overcome the Dichotomous Nature of Smart City Research: Proposed Methodology and Results of a Pilot Study. J. Urban Technol. 2019, 26, 89–128. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  85. Charalabidis, Y.; Theocharopoulou, C. A Participative Method for Prioritizing Smart City Interventions in Medium-Sized Municipalities. Int. J. Public Adm. Digit. Age 2019, 6, 41–63. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  86. Roland Berger. Smart Cities: The New Mega-Market for Utilities. Why Mid-Sized Cities Promise Big-Time Opportunities (Report). Available online: https://www.rolandberger.com/publications/publication_pdf/roland_berger_smart_cities_the_new_mega_market_for_utilities.pdf (accessed on 9 March 2022).
  87. Kitchin, R. The Ethics of Smart Cities and Urban Science. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A 2016, 374, 20160115. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green Version]
  88. Clever, S.; Crago, T.; Polka, A.; Al-Jaroodi, J.; Mohamed, N. Ethical Analyses of Smart City Applications. Urban Sci. 2018, 2, 96. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  89. Vitunskaite, M.; He, Y.; Brandstetter, T.; Janicke, H. Smart Cities and Cyber Security: Are We There yet? A Comparative Study on the Role of Standards, Third Party Risk Management and Security Ownership. Comput. Secur. 2019, 83, 313–331. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green Version]
  90. Yigitcanlar, T.; Cugurullo, F. The Sustainability of Artificial Intelligence: An Urbanistic Viewpoint from the Lens of Smart and Sustainable Cities. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8548. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  91. Armstrong, H.; Rae, J. A Working Model for Anticipatory Regulation (Nesta Report). Available online: https://media.nesta.org.uk/documents/working_model_for_anticipatory_regulation_0_TpDHt7z.pdf (accessed on 9 March 2022).
  92. Gil, O.; Cortés-Cediel, M.E.; Cantador, I. Citizen Participation and the Rise of Digital Media Platforms in Smart Governance and Smart Cities. Int. J. E-Plan. Res. 2019, 8, 19–34. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  93. OECD. Government at a Glance 2021 (Report). Available online: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/governance/government-at-a-glance-2021_1c258f55-en;jsessionid=6uEmhZvOGt_PdO08s4aFoOcu.ip-10-240-5-152 (accessed on 19 April 2022).
  94. Meijer, A.J.; Lips, M.; Chen, K. Open Governance: A New Paradigm for Understanding Urban Governance in an Information Age. Front. Sustain. Cities 2019, 1, 3. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  95. Mehta, M.C.; Kumar, C. A Discussion on E-Governance Initiatives for Disabled Citizens. Int. J. Res. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol. 2020, 8, 2036–2042. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  96. Malek, J.A.; Lim, S.B.; Yigitcanlar, T. Social Inclusion Indicators for Building Citizen-Centric Smart Cities: A Systematic Literature Review. Sustainability 2021, 13, 376. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  97. Gori, P.; Parcu, P.L.; Stasi, M. Smart Cities and Sharing Economy. Available online: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2706603 (accessed on 9 March 2022).
  98. Koźlak, A. The Relationship between the Concepts of Sharing Economy and Smart Cities: The Case of Shared Mobility and Smart Transport. Int. J. Sustain. Soc. 2020, 12, 152–184. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  99. Abduljabbar, R.L.; Liyanage, S.; Dia, H. The Role of Micro-Mobility in Shaping Sustainable Cities: A Systematic Literature Review. Transp. Res. Part D 2021, 92, 102734. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  100. Milakis, D.; Gedhardt, L.; Ehebrecht, D.; Lenz, B. Is Micro-Mobility Sustainable? An Overview of Implications for Accessibility, Air Pollution, Safety, Physical Activity and Subjective Wellbeing. In Handbook of Sustainable Transport; ElgarOnline: Cheltenham, UK, 2020. [Google Scholar]
  101. Machado, C.A.S.; de Salles Hue, N.P.M.; Berssaneti, F.T.; Quintanilha, J.A. An Overview of Shared Mobility. Sustainability 2018, 10, 4342. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green Version]
  102. Marsden, G. Social Benefits of Shared Mobility: Metrics and Methodologies (26 Th ACEA SAG Report). Available online: https://www.acea.auto/files/Social_benefits_of_shared_mobility-26th_ACEA_SAG-report.pdf (accessed on 9 March 2022).
  103. Allam, Z.; Sharifi, A. Research Structure and Trends of Smart Urban Mobility. Smart Cities 2022, 5, 539–561. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  104. Bednar, P.M.; Welch, C. Socio-Technical Perspectives on Smart Working: Creating Meaningful and Sustainable Systems. Inf. Syst. Front. 2020, 22, 281–298. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green Version]
  105. Marino, L.; Capone, V. Smart Working and Well-Being before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review. Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2021, 11, 1516–1536. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  106. Humagain, P.; Singleton, P.A. Would You Rather Teleport or Spend Some Time Commuting? Investigating Individuals’ Teleportation Preferences. Transp. Res. Part F Traffic Psychol. Behav. 2020, 74, 458–470. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  107. Jachimowicz, J.M.; Cunningham, J.L.; Staats, B.R.; Gino, F.; Menges, J.I. Between Home and Work: Commuting as an Opportunity for Role Transitions. Organ. Sci. 2021, 32, 64–85. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  108. France24. COVID-19: Could Empty Office Buildings Help Solve France’s Housing Crisis? Available online: https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210221-covid-19-could-empty-office-buildings-help-solve-france-s-housing-crisis (accessed on 8 May 2022).
  109. Johnson, S. Empty Stores and Offices: How Sweden Aims to Plug Housing Gap (Reuters). Available online: https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-sweden-housing-idUSKBN28X0K5 (accessed on 8 May 2022).
  110. BBC News. City of London to Convert Offices into Homes in Post-COVID Revamp. Available online: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-56888615 (accessed on 8 May 2022).
  How many minutes in 330 days?

Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
READ More:   How to whiten hands in 1 week at home with natural ingredients

© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Share and Cite

Pozoukidou, G.; Angelidou, M. Urban Planning in the 15-Minute City: Revisited under Sustainable and Smart City Developments until 2030. Smart Cities 2022, 5, 1356-1375. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities5040069

Pozoukidou G, Angelidou M. Urban Planning in the 15-Minute City: Revisited under Sustainable and Smart City Developments until 2030. Smart Cities. 2022; 5(4):1356-1375. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities5040069

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pozoukidou, Georgia, and Margarita Angelidou. 2022. “Urban Planning in the 15-Minute City: Revisited under Sustainable and Smart City Developments until 2030” Smart Cities 5, no. 4: 1356-1375. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities5040069

Thank you for reading this post Urban Planning in the 15-Minute City: Revisited under Sustainable and Smart City Developments until 2030 at Tnhelearning.edu.vn You can comment, see more related articles below and hope to help you with interesting information.

Related Search:

Related Posts

Bùi Tiến Dũng – Hành Trình Vươn Cao của Một Thủ Môn Xuất Sắc
Bùi Tiến Dũng – Hành Trình Vươn Cao của Một Thủ Môn Xuất Sắc
Xherdan Shaqiri: Ngôi sao sáng giá của bóng đá Thụy Sĩ và Liverpool
Xherdan Shaqiri: Ngôi sao sáng giá của bóng đá Thụy Sĩ và Liverpool
Martin Kelly: Hành Trình Sự Nghiệp Của Một Cầu Thủ Bóng Đá
Martin Kelly: Hành Trình Sự Nghiệp Của Một Cầu Thủ Bóng Đá