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This article was co-written by Carrie Noriega, MD. Dr. Noriega is a licensed obstetrician and gynecologist in Cporado. She specializes in women’s health, rheumatology, pulmonary, infectious diseases and digestive diseases. She received her MD from Creighton School of Medicine in Omaha, Nebraska and completed her residency at the University of Missouri – Kansas City in 2005.
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Oral contraceptives use hormones to prevent conception in several ways, depending on what type of pill it is. The “combined” oral contraceptive prevents an egg from being released from the ovaries, thickens uterine mucus to prevent sperm from entering the cervix, and narrows the urinary tract to prevent sperm from fertilizing the uterus. eggs. The “minipill oral contraceptive” also thickens uterine mucus and narrows the urinary tract. It also prevents ovulation. While the generic term is “Contraceptive Pill,” there are actually several types of birth control pills. If you’ve never taken the Pill before and you want to make sure you’re using it correctly (especially for maximum effectiveness), this wikiHow is here to help.
Steps
Choose Contraceptives
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Ask your healthcare provider to learn about options. There are many safe and effective birth control methods for women. Oral contraceptives are extremely popular and cheap, so this is an attractive option for women. [1] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source However, depending on your needs, health, and previous health conditions, only certain options are right for you, Therefore, discussing with your healthcare provider about your contraceptive needs is essential.
- There are two main types of oral contraceptives. Combination pills use two hormones, estrogen and progestin. Another is called a “minipill,” which uses only the hormone progestin. [2] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
- There are also two types of combined oral contraceptives. Single-phase birth control pills contain equal doses of the hormones estrogen and progestin. The multi-phase birth control pill has hormones that change during certain phases.
- The combined oral contraceptive pill is also available in a “low-dose” category. This oral tablet contains less than 50 micrograms of ethinyl estradip. Women who are sensitive to hormones, especially estrogen, can use this low-dose oral contraceptive very effectively. However, low-dose oral contraceptives cause more bleeding during menstruation.
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Consider your own health. The combined oral contraceptive pill is often prescribed, but is not always appropriate for all women. Your doctor and yourself will make the final decision. However, if you have one of the following conditions, your doctor may recommend against using the combined oral contraceptive pill: [3] X Reliable Sources Mayo Clinic Go to source
- Are you breastfeeding?
- You are over 35 years old and a smoker
- You have high blood pressure
- You have a history of pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis
- Do you have a history of breast cancer?
- You have a history of heart disease or stroke
- You have a medical complication related to diabetes
- You have liver or kidney disease?
- You have unexplained vaginal or urinary bleeding
- Do you have a history of blood clots?
- Do you have lupus erythematosus?
- You have a migraine with aura
- You have to have surgery and have to be immobile for a long time
- You are taking the antidepressant St. John’s wort, anticonvulsant, or anti-tuberculosis drug
- Your doctor may tell you not to use the minipill if you have breast cancer, unexplained bleeding in your urinary tract or vagina, or are taking anticonvulsants or anti-tuberculosis drugs.
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The benefits of combined oral contraceptives should be weighed. Combined oral contraceptives bring many benefits, so they are an attractive choice for many women. However, it also carries some risks. When deciding which birth control pill is right for you, you should consider both. Benefits of combined oral contraceptives include: [4] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source[5] X Research Source
- Highly effective at preventing pregnancy when used correctly (99%)
- About 8 in 100 women will still get pregnant during the first year of using combined oral contraceptives due to improper use
- Relieve abdominal pain during menstruation
- Can prevent pelvic inflammatory disease
- Reduced risk of ovarian cancer and endometriosis cancer
- Reduce the frequency and burden of the menstrual cycle
- Improve acne disease
- May help improve osteoporosis
- Decreased hormone production caused by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- Avoid ectopic pregnancy
- Reduces the risk of iron deficiency anemia due to excessive bleeding during menstruation
- Prevent breast and ovarian cysts
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The risks of combined oral contraceptives should also be considered. Despite its many benefits, the combined oral contraceptive pill has risks that you should discuss with your doctor. Most of these risks are rare, but if they do, they can be quite serious. Many of the risks are more likely to increase if you have certain health conditions or if you smoke. [6] X Research Sources Risks of using combined oral contraceptives include: [7] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to source
- Does not prevent STIs or HIV (you must use condoms to prevent these)
- Increased risk of heart attack or stroke
- Increased risk of blood clots
- Increased risk of high blood pressure
- Increased risk of liver tumors, gallstones or jaundice
- Increased risk of breast pain
- Nausea or vomiting
- Weight gain
- Headache
- Depression
- Abnormal bleeding
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Consider the benefits of the minipill. Minipill, or progestin-only oral contraceptives, have less benefit than combined oral contraceptives. However, you should consult with your doctor to determine whether the minipill is a good choice for you. The benefits of the minipill include: [8] X Research Sources[9] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
- Can be used if you have certain health problems, such as blood clots, high blood pressure, migraines, or risk of heart disease
- Can be used while breastfeeding
- Relieve menstrual cramps
- May make your menstrual cycle lighter
- May help prevent pelvic inflammatory disease
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Consider the risks of the minipill. Although the risk of the minipill is less than the combined pill, it still has rare but serious side effects when used. Consult with your doctor to consider whether the benefits of the drug outweigh the risks to you. The risks of minipills include: [10] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source[11] X Research Source
- Does not prevent STIs or HIV (you must use condoms to prevent these)
- May be less effective than combined oral contraceptives
- Use an alternative method of birth control if you forget to take your pill within 3 hours at the same time each day.
- Menstruation (more frequent with minipill than with multipill)
- More likely to have breast pain
- Nausea or vomiting
- Increased risk of ovarian cysts
- Possibility of slightly increasing the risk of an ectopic pregnancy compared with taking the combined pill
- May cause more roe to appear
- Weight gain
- Depression
- Unusual hair growth
- Headache
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You need to consider your own wishes about the phenomenon of menstruation. If you’re healthy enough to take the pill, you have a few options. If you choose the combined oral contraceptive pill – a choice many women choose – then you can choose to reduce your menstrual cycle if you wish. [12] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
- Continuous dosing pills, also known as menstrual prolongation pills, reduce the number of times your period will come each year. You can reduce your period by 4 times in a year. Some people may not have a period while taking the pill. [13] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
- Regular oral contraceptives do not reduce the number of menstrual cycles. You will still have your period every month. [14] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
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You need to be aware that some medications can interfere with the effectiveness of oral contraceptives. Your doctor can help you determine if taking any medications or supplements will affect the effectiveness of birth control pills. Drugs that have been identified as affecting the effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives include: [15] X Research Sources
- Certain antibiotics, including penicillin and tetracycline
- Certain anticonvulsants
- Certain drugs used to treat HIV
- Anti-tuberculosis drugs
- Antidepressants St. John’s Wort
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Consult your doctor about any medications you will be taking. Before you decide to take certain birth control pills, talk to your doctor about the medications and supplements you’ll be taking. Some medications can affect the effectiveness of oral contraceptives, and others cause negative reactions and side effects. Be sure to ask for advice if you are taking any of the following medications: [16] X Source of Research
- Thyroid hormone pills
- Benzodiazepines (such as diazepam)
- Anti-inflammatory drug prednisone
- Tricyclic antidepressants
- Beta Inhibitors
- Anticoagulants (“blood thinners” such as warfarin)
- Insulin
Start Mechanism
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Follow your doctor’s instructions. You should always follow the instructions given or prescribed by your healthcare provider. Different types of birth control pills have different requirements. Some need to start taking at a particular time and others need to be taken at a certain time. Get started by reading the instructions then following the next steps. [17] X Trusted Source US Department of Health and Human Services Go to source
- If you don’t take your birth control pill as directed, it may not work and you could still get pregnant.
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No smoking. Smoking while taking birth control pills is extremely dangerous to your health. They will combine to increase the risk of blood clots, which can easily lead to death. Women who are over 35 years old and who smoke should not use any combination birth control pills. [18] X Research Sources
- If you smoke, stop immediately. Even at times, social smoking can be extremely dangerous. If you don’t smoke, don’t smoke.
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Start taking medicine. Depending on what birth control pill you’ve been prescribed, you may need to start taking it at a certain time. Always ask your prescribing doctor how to start taking it. Overall, you’ll have several options: [19] X Research Sources
- You can start taking the combination pill on the first day of your period.
- You can also start taking the combination pill on the Sunday after your period begins.
- If you had a vaginal delivery, you must wait three weeks to start taking the combined oral contraceptive pill.
- You should wait until at least six weeks postpartum before you start taking combined oral contraceptives if you’re at high risk for blood clots or you’re breastfeeding.
- You can start taking the combination pill right away if you recently had an abortion or miscarriage.
- Always start taking a new pack of combined oral contraceptives on the same day of the week as when you took your first pack.
- You can start taking the minipill (progestin-only) at any time. If you plan to have vaginal sex within the first 48 hours of taking the minipill, you should use back-up contraception.
- You must take the minipill at the same time each day . Choose a time when you will always remember to take your medicine, like when you wake up or right before you go to bed.
- You can start taking the minipill right away if you recently had an abortion or miscarriage.
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You need to understand that you can still get pregnant under certain circumstances. If you start taking the Pill on the first day of your period, it will provide immediate protection against pregnancy. [20] X Source of Research If you start taking the pill another day, there’s still a chance you’ll get pregnant if you have unprotected sex. [21] X Research Source
- If you start taking the Pill on the Sunday after your period starts, you should use back-up birth control for 7 days. [22] X Research Source
- If you start taking it at any other time, it can take up to a month for it to take full effect.
- To prevent pregnancy, if you don’t start taking the pill within 5 days of the start of your period, you should use an alternate method of contraception for the entire month, or take the pill for a full cycle. [23] X Research Sources
Take medicines
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Take the medicine at the same time of day. You can take it in the morning or at night, but most women find it easier to remember to take it at night because bedtime routines don’t change as much as morning routines. If you can’t take your medicine at the same time of day every day, you may bleed a little and won’t be as well protected.
- If you take birth control pills, you must take one pill within 3 hours at the same time each day. If you are not able to do so, you must use back-up contraception for the next 48 hours. For example, if you normally take your pill at 8 p.m. but you forget to take it by midnight, you should still take it but need to use extra birth control, like a condom, for 48 next hour. [24] X Research Source
- Setting an alarm in your phone to take your medicine or keeping it next to your toothbrush can help you remember if you’re a forgetful person.
- There are even mobile apps to remind you to take your medication like myPill and Lady Pill Reminder apps.
- Take the medicine about half an hour after eating to avoid nausea. [25] X Research Sources
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Know what medications you are taking. The combined oral contraceptive pill has many different “phases”. In some of them, the hormone levels in the pills change throughout the month. If you are not taking a single-phase birth control pill and are taking another, you may need further instructions on what to do if you miss a pill, specifically with the same type of birth control pill you are taking. [26] X Research Sources
- Monophasic birth control pills contain the same amount of estrogen and progestin in all pills. If you forget to take a pill, take it as soon as you remember. Continue taking the next day’s pill as usual. Examples of these drugs include Ortho-cyclen, Seasonale, and Yaz.
- The biphasic pill changes the dose of estrogen and progestin once a month. Examples of biphasic drugs include Kariva and Mircette Ortho-Novum 10/11.
- The three-phase pill changes the dose of estrogen and progestin every 7 days for the first three weeks of taking the pill. Examples of three-phase pills include Ortho Tri-Cyclen, Enpresse, and Cyclessa.
- The four-phase pill changes the dose of estrogen and progestin four times during the cycle. Natazia is the only quadruple oral contraceptive prescribed in the US.
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Use the combination pill depending on the mechanism you choose. The combined oral tablet can be taken at the usual dose or continuously (or as a prolonged dose). Depending on which combination pill you choose, you can take multiple pills at different times of the month. See also your user manual.
- With the 21-day combination pill you’ll take one pill a day at the same time for 21 days. For 7 days you will not take any medicine. You will usually menstruate during this time. After 7 days you start a new pack again.
- With the 28-day combination pill, you’ll take one pill a day at the same time for 28 days. Some of these drugs do not contain hormones, or contain only estrogen. You will have your period for 4 to 7 days while taking these pills.
- With the three-month combination pill, you only take one pill at the same time each day. You will then take only one hormone-free or estrogen-only pill at the same time every day for 7 days. You will only menstruate for these 7 days every three months.
- With the one-year combination pill, you’ll take a single pill at the same time every day for an entire year. You may experience a decrease in the number of periods, or even stop your period altogether, for the entire year of taking the pill.
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Let the body adapt to these hormones. Remember, you may experience pregnancy-like symptoms during the first month of taking the pill as your body adjusts to the hormones (swollen breasts, sensitive nipples, bleeding, nausea). [27] X Source of Research Certain oral contraceptives can stop your period, so you need to make sure you and your doctor both understand the medication you’re taking so that you can understand its effects.
- If you think you might be pregnant, you can use a home test. They still give accurate results even if you are taking birth control pills. [28] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
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Monitor for bleeding. Watch for bleeding or spotting (bleeding between periods) if you’re taking a monthly menstrual blocker. Even birth control pills that allow you to get your period every month can still lead to bleeding. This is a normal phenomenon. Your body needs time to adjust to the new plan, and the bleeding should stop in no more than 6 months. [29] X Research Sources
- Bleeding or “bleeding” is a common occurrence with low-dose combination drugs.
- Bleeding is also common if you forget to take your pill a day or when you don’t take it at the same time each day.
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Make sure you get your refills on time. You don’t want to run out of medication, so be sure to schedule an appointment with your doctor before you need to refill. You should usually make an appointment when you only have two prescription packs left. [30] X Research Source
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Try different birth control pills if the first one doesn’t work for you. Don’t be afraid to try different brands or other birth control methods. Talk to your doctor about trying a new brand of birth control pill if you’re uncomfortable with premenstrual symptoms or a side effect of a medication you’re taking. There are many methods of contraception other than the pill, and many of them are easy to apply. [31] X Research Source
- Other forms of hormone use in contraception include the combined estrogen and progestin patch and the vaginal ring. [32] X Trusted Source American Cplege of Obstetricians and Gynecpogists Go to Source[33] X Trusted Source US Department of Health and Human Services Go to Source
- Long-term, highly effective methods of contraception include an intrauterine device (IUD), an implantable contraceptive device, or the birth control shot. [34] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
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Pay attention to negative reactions when taking the drug. Stop taking the medicine if you have jaundice, abdominal pain, chest pain, leg pain, severe headache, or eye problems. Special attention should be paid to unusual problems if you smoke. It is best to quit while taking oral contraceptives. Both smoking and taking oral contraceptives increase the risk of health complications, such as blood clots.
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Determine when to see a doctor. Oral contraceptives also carry some risks. If you experience any of the following problems, contact your doctor as soon as possible: [35] X Research Source[36] X Research Source
- Severe, constant headache
- Changed or lost vision
- Aura (seeing bright, flashing lines)
- Can’t say
- Severe chest pain
- Shortness of breath
- Hemoptisi
- Dizziness or fatigue
- Severe calf or thigh pain
- Jaundice of the skin or eyes (jaundice)
Dealing With Missing A Pill
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Try never to miss a dose, but if you do, you need to make up for it. When you forget to take a pill, take it as soon as you remember and take your next pill at your usual time [37] X Source of Research Certain combined oral contraceptives, especially multiphase pills, can There may be additional instructions for use you need to follow.
- With most oral contraceptives, if you forget to take them until the next day, you should take two pills that day. [38] X Research Source
- If you forget to take a pill for two days, take two pills on the first day you remember and two the next day. [39] X Research Sources
- If you forget to take a pill at any point during your cycle, you should use back-up birth control such as condoms until you’ve finished the pack.
- If you forget to take your pill on the first day of that pack, you may need emergency contraception to prevent pregnancy.
- If you’re only taking a progestin-only pill (and not a regular combination pill), you need to be extremely careful to take it at the same time each day. Even a few hours later can make you pregnant. [40] X Research Source
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Contact your doctor. If you’re not sure what to do if you forget to take a pill, or if you want to know if you need emergency contraception, contact your doctor. Tell them exactly what happened (you forgot to take the pills, how many days, etc.).
- How you respond when you miss or forget to take a pill will depend on the medication you’re taking, so it’s always a good idea to contact your doctor.
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Consider choosing an alternative form of birth control when you are sick. Use another form of birth control if you are sick and have vomiting or diarrhea because then the medicine may not stay in your intestinal tract long enough to work.
- If you vomit or have diarrhea within 4 hours of taking the pill, it usually won’t protect against conception. Use back-up birth control as if you missed a pill. [41] X Research Source
- If you have an eating disorder and use antiemetics or laxatives, oral contraceptives are unlikely to be effective. You should use another backup method of birth control. [42] X Trusted Source Go Ask Alice Go to Source Consult your doctor or medical and neurological specialist for help.
Advice
- Always share with your healthcare provider information such as where you have had treatment for oral contraceptives or emergency contraception. That includes health care workers you might think unrelated, like dentists.
- Don’t be afraid to take medicine. Taking pills is much less harmful to your health than being pregnant. [43] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
Warning
- If you miss even one birth control pill, contact your doctor immediately. You can get pregnant if you don’t follow the directions for taking your birth control pills
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This article was co-written by Carrie Noriega, MD. Dr. Noriega is a licensed obstetrician and gynecologist in Cporado. She specializes in women’s health, rheumatology, pulmonary, infectious diseases and digestive diseases. She received her MD from Creighton School of Medicine in Omaha, Nebraska and completed her residency at the University of Missouri – Kansas City in 2005.
There are 22 references cited in this article that you can view at the bottom of the page.
This article has been viewed 4,094 times.
Oral contraceptives use hormones to prevent conception in several ways, depending on what type of pill it is. The “combined” oral contraceptive prevents an egg from being released from the ovaries, thickens uterine mucus to prevent sperm from entering the cervix, and narrows the urinary tract to prevent sperm from fertilizing the uterus. eggs. The “minipill oral contraceptive” also thickens uterine mucus and narrows the urinary tract. It also prevents ovulation. While the generic term is “Contraceptive Pill,” there are actually several types of birth control pills. If you’ve never taken the Pill before and you want to make sure you’re using it correctly (especially for maximum effectiveness), this wikiHow is here to help.
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