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This article was co-written by Aanand Geria, MD. Aanand Geria is a dermatologist and clinical instructor at Mt. Sinai and the owner of Geria Dermatpogy in Rutherford, New Jersey. Geria’s work has been published in Allure, The Zoe Report, NewBeauty, Fashionista and Healthline journals and he has reviewed content for the Journal of Drugs in Dermatpogy, Cutis and conferences on Surgery and Dermatology. He holds a bachelor’s degree from Penn State University and a medical doctor’s degree from the University of New Jersey School of Medicine. Geria then completed an internship at Lehigh Valley Health Network and a residency in dermatology at Howard University School of Medicine.
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Human skin contains melanocytes, a pigment found in skin, hair and eyes, through the synthesis of melanin. Excessive melanin production leads to hyperpigmentation, which is commonly manifested as freckles and age spots. Hyperpigmentation can be caused by sun exposure, skin damage, medical conditions, or a side effect of certain medications. Although hyperpigmentation is not a serious condition, you may want to seek treatment for cosmetic reasons.
Steps
Define the reason
- Melasma (Melasma) . This is hyperpigmentation caused by hormonal changes and usually occurs in pregnant women. Melasma also occurs due to thyroid dysfunction and as a side effect of birth control pills or hormone therapies. This is the most difficult type of hyperpigmentation to treat.
- Dark pigment spots (Lentigines) , also known as age spots. These spots appear in 90% of people over the age of 60, and are usually caused by exposure to UV rays. Dark pigmented spots that are not caused by the sun are caused by a larger disorder.
- Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation . This type of hyperpigmentation is caused by skin lesions such as psoriasis, burns, acne, and certain skin care treatments. This condition usually goes away as the skin regenerates and heals.
- Drug-induced hyperpigmentation. This type of secondary hyperpigmentation, also known as Liken’s disease, is caused by drug-induced inflammation and skin rashes. This disease is not contagious.
- How often do you use tanning beds? Do you often wear sunscreen? Are you often exposed to the sun?
- What diseases do you have now and in the past?
- Are you currently or recently pregnant? Do you currently or recently take birth control pills or use hormone replacement therapy?
- What medications are you taking?
- What cosmetic surgery or professional skin care procedures have you had?
- Did you use sunscreen or UV protection when you were younger?
Find a cure
- Hydroquinone . This topical medication is the most commonly used and the only skin lightening product approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.
- Kojic Acid . This acid is derived from a fungus and works similarly to hydroquinone.
- Azelaic Acid . Formulated to treat acne, it is also effective in treating hyperpigmentation.
- Mandelic Acid . Derived from almonds, this acid is used to treat all types of hyperpigmentation.
- Peels, including salicylic acid peels to treat dark areas. Peeling is used when topical medications don’t work.
- Intense pulsed light therapy (IPL). This method only targets selected dark spots. The IPL device is to be used under the close supervision of a specialist.
- Laser skin resurfacing.
- Skin lightening cream: This product works by slowing down melanin production and removing existing melanin from the skin. Look for products with a combination of ingredients: cysteamine, hydroquinone, soy milk, cucumber, kojic acid, calcium, azelaic acid, or arbutin.
- Topical creams containing Retin-A or alpha-hydroxy acids.
- Rosehip Oil
- Cucumber slices, grated or juiced
- Lemon juice
- Aloe
Prevents hyperpigmentation from getting worse
- Always wear sunscreen. Wear a hat and long-sleeved shirts when in the hot sun.
- Do not use tanning beds.
- Limit time outdoors and do not sunbathe.
Advice
- It is very important to consult a dermatologist before applying home remedies, as some whitening solutions can be harmful to the skin. There are many causes of hyperpigmentation, each with a specific way of controlling and treating it.
- Age spots are caused by an overproduction of melanin. You need to remember to apply sunscreen daily to avoid further age spots. Sunscreen used daily for life can prevent or reduce age spots as you get older.
- Regularly check for hyperpigmentation, especially if you have dark skin. Hyperpigmentation is more common in people with dark hair, dark eyes, and olive skin.
Warning
- Melasma can appear due to hormonal changes in pregnant women and women taking hormonal birth control pills. If your hyperpigmentation is caused by hormones, you will have no choice but to wait for the hormonal effects to wear off.
This article was co-written by Aanand Geria, MD. Aanand Geria is a dermatologist and clinical instructor at Mt. Sinai and the owner of Geria Dermatpogy in Rutherford, New Jersey. Geria’s work has been published in Allure, The Zoe Report, NewBeauty, Fashionista and Healthline journals and he has reviewed content for the Journal of Drugs in Dermatpogy, Cutis and conferences on Surgery and Dermatology. He holds a bachelor’s degree from Penn State University and a medical doctor’s degree from the University of New Jersey School of Medicine. Geria then completed an internship at Lehigh Valley Health Network and a residency in dermatology at Howard University School of Medicine.
This article has been viewed 22,943 times.
Human skin contains melanocytes, a pigment found in skin, hair and eyes, through the synthesis of melanin. Excessive melanin production leads to hyperpigmentation, which is commonly manifested as freckles and age spots. Hyperpigmentation can be caused by sun exposure, skin damage, medical conditions, or a side effect of certain medications. Although hyperpigmentation is not a serious condition, you may want to seek treatment for cosmetic reasons.
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