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This article was co-written by Victor Catania, MD. Dr. Catania is a family physician licensed to practice in Pennsylvania. He received his MD from the Medical College of the Americas in 2012.
There are 22 references cited in this article that you can view at the bottom of the page.
This article has been viewed 9,550 times.
Many people think that only dogs and cats are infected with tapeworms. Although animals are more susceptible to tapeworm infections, humans are still at risk if they eat raw/rare beef, pork, or fish. [1] X Trusted Source Centers for Disease Contrp and Prevention Go to the source People infected with tapeworms can infect others by not washing their hands after using the bathroom and before preparing food. [2] X Sources of Study In most cases, people infected with tapeworms show relatively few symptoms. Treatment of tapeworms is extremely important because tapeworms can lead to more serious complications such as infection of the cyst in the tissue and causing seizures. [3] X Trusted Source Centers for Disease Contrp and Prevention Go to source
Steps
Diagnosis of tapeworm infection
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Assess your surroundings and recent travel. Tapeworms exist all over the world, but infection rates vary from country to country. Worldwide, more than 10 million people are infected each year, [4] X Credible Source World Health Organization Going to the source , the number of infections in the United States is less than 1,000. [5] X Trusted Source Centers for Disease Contrp and Prevention Go to the source Different types of tapeworms will parasitize different animals.
- Pork and bovine tapeworms are abundant in developing regions of the world such as Africa, the Middle East, Eastern Europe, Southeast Asia, and Central and South America, and are particularly common in areas where pigs are grazed. [6] X Trusted Source National Health Service (UK) Go to Source[7] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
- Beef tapeworms are common in regions that favor raw beef consumption, such as Eastern Europe, Russia, East Africa, and Latin America. [8] X Trusted Source Centers for Disease Contrp and Prevention Go to source
- Fish tapeworms are common in regions that like to eat raw fish such as Eastern Europe, Scandinavia, and Japan. [9] X Trusted Source National Health Service (UK) Go to Source
- Dwarf tapeworms can be passed from person to person, especially in children who live in unsanitary or crowded places.
- Dog tapeworms can sometimes parasitize humans. [10] X Trusted Source National Health Service (UK) Go to Source
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Review your recent diet. Tapeworm infections occur after you eat raw or undercooked meat from animals infected with tapeworms. People infected with tapeworms can also infect meat during processing. You are at risk for tapeworm infection when: [11] X Research Source
- Eat raw or rare meat.
- Eat food prepared under unsanitary conditions.
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Check stools. The tapeworm passages passed in the feces are the most recognizable sign of tapeworm infection. [12] X Credible Sources Centers for Disease Contrp and Prevention Go to the source Fluke segments are usually small grains of white rice. [13] X Trusted Source National Health Service (UK) Go to source You may find tapeworms in toilet paper or in underwear. [14] X Research Source
- Tapeworm segments usually appear 2-3 months after the tapeworm develops and matures in the human body. [15] X Trusted Source Centers for Disease Contrp and Prevention Go to source
- A stool sample test makes it easier to detect tapeworms. [16] X Trusted Source Centers for Disease Contrp and Prevention Go to source
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Evaluate other symptoms of tapeworm infection. Common symptoms of tapeworm infection are gastrointestinal disturbances such as abdominal pain, weakness, loss of appetite, weight loss, diarrhea and nausea. However, the above symptoms can be a sign of many other health problems. In addition, there are cases of tapeworm infections that do not show any symptoms.
- In some cases, a tapeworm infection can cause severe symptoms such as fever; mass or cyst; allergic reactions to tapeworm larvae; infection or neurological signs or symptoms such as seizures. The above symptoms occur when tapeworms are left untreated. Therefore, you should seek to get rid of the tapeworm even if the symptoms are not too severe.
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Go see a doctor. Your doctor can analyze a stool sample to accurately diagnose tapeworms. This helps to rule out or identify the type of tapeworm to find the right treatment. [17] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
- In addition to helping diagnose tapeworms, stool sample analysis identifies many other digestive problems such as infections, nutritional deficiencies, and cancer. [18] X Research Sources
- People infected with tapeworms also need blood tests to identify antibodies in the blood. [19] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
Tapeworm treatment
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Get a prescription from your doctor. After diagnosing tapeworms, your doctor may prescribe oral medications to treat you. The three most commonly prescribed tapeworm medications are praziquantel, albendazpe, and nitazoxanide. Your doctor will prescribe medication based on the type of tapeworm you have. [20] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
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Follow the prescribed treatment regimen. In addition to taking the right medication, you should avoid getting reinfected or spreading tapeworms to others. Medicines to treat tapeworms do not affect the eggs, so you can be re-infected if you have poor hygiene or eat unhygienic food. [21] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
- If you have a tapeworm infection (a serious tapeworm infection), your doctor may recommend a longer and more complex treatment regimen. Treatment for cysticercosis includes prescription drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, antiepileptic drugs, or surgery. [22] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
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Determine if the tapeworm has been completely eliminated. Your doctor may re-evaluate you after you take the medicine for a while. Depending on the severity, you may be able to return for a follow-up visit after 1-3 months of treatment. [23] X Research Sources
- The effectiveness of prescription drugs is usually 85-100%, depending on the type of tapeworm and the location of the infection in the body. [24] X Research Source
Preventing tapeworms
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Avoid eating raw meat. Many types of meat have a high risk of tapeworm infection such as beef, pork, fish, lamb, goat and rabbit meat. Not eating raw or undercooked meat is the easiest way to avoid tapeworms. [25] X Research Sources
- You should be aware that there is also avian tapeworm, but this is not common if poultry are raised on modern farms, which eliminate tapeworm vectors such as earthworms or beetles. [26] X Research Sources
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Cook meat. For cuts of meat, you should cook the meat from the inside out and make sure the internal temperature of the meat reaches 63°C. For ground meat, the internal temperature of the meat should reach 71°C. [27] X Trusted Source FoodSafety.gov Go to Source
- Freeze meat and fish at -10°C for at least 48 hours to kill tapeworm eggs and larvae. [28] X Trusted Source National Health Service (UK) Go to Source
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Sterilize fruits and vegetables when traveling in a tapeworm-prone area. You can buy a chemical solution to sterilize fruits and vegetables or simply wash them thoroughly with clean water (boiled water). [29] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
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Wash hands properly before cooking, before eating, and after handling raw meat or fish. Handwashing helps prevent the transmission of eggs or larvae from hands to food or the digestive system. You can also prevent the risk of infecting others by keeping your hands clean.
- Make sure to wash your hands for at least 20 seconds. You can wash your hands while humming a song about 20 seconds long to ensure enough time to wash your hands.
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This article was co-written by Victor Catania, MD. Dr. Catania is a family physician licensed to practice in Pennsylvania. He received his MD from the Medical College of the Americas in 2012.
There are 22 references cited in this article that you can view at the bottom of the page.
This article has been viewed 9,550 times.
Many people think that only dogs and cats are infected with tapeworms. Although animals are more susceptible to tapeworm infections, people are still at risk if they eat raw/rare beef, pork, or fish. [1] X Trusted Source Centers for Disease Contrp and Prevention Go to the source People infected with tapeworms can infect others by not washing their hands after using the bathroom and before preparing food. [2] X Sources of Study In most cases, people infected with tapeworms show relatively few symptoms. Treatment of tapeworms is extremely important because tapeworms can lead to more serious complications such as infection of the cyst in the tissue and causing seizures. [3] X Trusted Source Centers for Disease Contrp and Prevention Go to source
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