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This article was co-written by Lauren Kurtz. Lauren Kurtz is an expert in nature and horticulture. Lauren has worked for Aurora, Cporado, managing the Water-Wise Garden at Aurora City Center for the Department of Water Conservation. She earned her bachelor’s degree in Environmental and Sustainability Studies from Western Michigan University in 2014.
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The plant (Madagascar dragon or Dracaena marginata), is an easy plant to care for and can grow well indoors. If you live in a warm climate with mild winters, you can even grow this colorful plant outdoors year-round! Make sure the plant receives full sun and shade, and provides it with enough water (but not too much!) You can propagate it by cuttings or seeding if you like the challenge. And if you love cheerful colors like yellows and reds, choose another variety to brighten up your home or garden!
Steps
Choose a tree
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Choose the Dracaena Marginata plant if you prefer the original variety. All other cultivars are derived from this cultivar. The original cultivar has green leaves with a thin purple-red border around it. [1] X Research Source
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Look for the Tricpor Marginata if you like greenish-yellow plants. This leaf has a yellow-white border separating the red and green colors. Even from a distance, this plant looks white or yellow. [2] X Research Source
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Choose a Cporama Marginata if you like red plants. This is perhaps the most unique cultivar. The red border around the leaves is very prominent giving the plant a red or pink color. [3] X Research Sources
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Grow a Marginata Tarzan plant if you like pointy leaves. This plant has the same color pattern as the original marginata, but the leaves are slightly different. The branches give rise to shoots that are wider and sturdier than the other trees. Each cluster of leaves grows in a dense spherical shape. [4] X Research Sources
Caring for indoor plants
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Choose a location with strong but indirect light. To avoid this, you should place the plant in front of a north-facing window and near a west- or east-facing window. The plant should not be placed too close to a south-facing window. [5] X Research Sources
- If the color on the leaves begins to fade, the plant is not getting enough light. If this happens, move the plant to the front of an east- or west-facing window and keep an eye on the leaves. Burnt leaves will have dry tips and turn brown. [6] X Research Sources
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Use well-draining potting soil in a pot with drainage holes. Although this plant likes moisture, its roots can rot if the soil is too wet. Fill a pot half full with well-draining potting soil that’s twice the size of the root ball. Place the plant in the center of the pot, then cover the rest of the pot with soil. Water carefully with distilled water to moisten the roots. [7] X Research Sources
- Plants sold at the nursery are already grown in pots. You can leave the plant in its pot until it needs to be repotted!
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Water the plant only when the top layer of soil is dry. You can check by poking your finger in the ground. If the top layer of soil is dry by a few centimeters, water the plant with distilled water until the entire soil is moist. Pay attention to the soil moisture to calculate the next watering. [8] X Research Sources
- Fortunately, the leaves will let you know if the plant is lacking or too much water! If the leaves fall and turn yellow, it means you need to water more. If the leaves are only yellow at the tips, you are probably watering too much.
- The leaves at the bottom of the plant turning brown or falling off is a natural phenomenon. Those are just old leaves giving way to new leaves!
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Maintain the temperature within 24 degrees Celsius, unless it is winter. This plant also grows well indoors with temperatures up to 27 degrees Celsius (if you prefer warmer indoor temperatures). [9] X Research Source When the temperature outside starts to get cold, reduce the temperature inside or in the room where the potted plant is placed by a few degrees. [10] X Research Source This allows the plant to rest. However, do not lower the temperature below 18 degrees Celsius . [11] X Research Source
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Mist the leaves regularly to limit pests. The plant is susceptible to a number of insect attacks, including red spider mites, thrips and scale aphids. [12] X Reliable Source Royal Horticultural Society Go to the source Keep the air around your plants moist by misting them at least once every 1-2 weeks to prevent these pests from getting in. [13] X Research Source If you see speckled leaves or yellow nodules on the undersides of leaves, your plant is probably infested with pests. [14] X Trusted Source Royal Horticultural Society Go to Source
- Contact nurseries or go online to find suitable pesticides.
- You can also use natural insecticides, although these may not be effective if the pest infestation is severe.
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Use a houseplant fertilizer to fertilize your plants once a month, except in winter. During spring and summer, you can stimulate growth with a standard houseplant fertilizer. Choose a water-soluble fertilizer that can be diluted at a concentration of 50%. Stop fertilizing during the fall and winter to give the plant a break. [15] X Research Source
- Read the instructions on the fertilizer product packaging for the proper dosage. Usually, you can make a fertilizer solution with a ratio of 1 part water and 1 part fertilizer.
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Prune trees during spring or summer to encourage thicker learning. Use sharp, clean pruning shears to prune the tree if it develops weak shoots or branches. This will prevent the tree from growing long and drooping branches. Cut diagonally just below the base of the branch. [16] X Research Source
- Do not prune trees in late summer, fall and winter. You need to give the plant time to grow new shoots before it begins its dormant period.
- Save the cut branches to grow into new plants!
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Repot the plant if the roots are crowded. From time to time you should check the drainage hole in the bottom of the pot. If roots are sticking out of the drainage hole, it’s time for the plant to be repotted. [17] X Research Source Choose a pot that is 5 cm wider and deeper than the old one. Tilt the pot down and gently remove the plant from the pot. Trim the tips of the roots to encourage root growth in the new pot. [18] X Research Sources
- The new pot should also have drainage holes. Fill the pot halfway with well-draining potting soil, place the plant in, then cover with soil and water with distilled water to moisten the soil.
- If you find it difficult to remove the plant from the pot, use your fingers to remove the curled roots. You can also tap the bottom of the pot and the side of the pot, then tilt the pot down.
- Wait at least 1 month before fertilizing newly repotted plants.
Planting trees outdoors
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Find out what farming area you live in. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) crop zoning map contains information on temperatures and growing conditions in the various “zones” of the United States. [19] X Sources of study The plant can only live outdoors year-round in zones 10 and 11 of coastal Southern California and South Florida. [20] X EDIS Trusted Source Go to Source
- This map is useful for growers living in the United States, but other countries (such as Australia) also have maps with similar temperature guidelines. [21] X Research Sources You can find information on the net about the farming area where you live.
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Plan to grow plants outdoors/indoors if you live in a colder climate. If you live in zones 8 or 9, you can leave your plants outdoors during spring and summer, and bring them indoors when temperatures drop. Ideally, it needs to be in temperatures above 18 degrees Celsius, so bring it indoors as soon as the temperature starts to drop in early fall.
- You can also grow it outdoors during the warm summer months in parts of the northern United States, but watch out for the weather! If nighttime temperatures drop below 16-18 degrees Celsius, the plant may stop growing or die. [22] X Research Source
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Plant the tree in partial shade. It needs 4-6 hours of sunlight a day. To avoid sunburn, the plant also needs a few hours in the shade. [23] X Research Sources
- Notice how the leaves dry and turn brown at the tips. This phenomenon shows that the plant receives a lot of sun. On the contrary, leaves turning yellow means the plant needs more sun exposure. [24] X Research Source
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Choose a location with good drainage. To test the drainage, dig a hole in the ground and fill it with water. Wait for the water to drain and refill the water again. If the hole drains completely within 15 minutes, the soil is well drained. Soil has poor drainage if it takes more than 1 hour for the water to drain away (especially if it takes more than 6 hours). [25] X Research Sources
- If you don’t need to adjust the soil’s drainage too much, simply add compost or well-rotted manure to improve drainage. In cases where the soil is poorly drained, you may need to invest in an underground drainage system to remove excess water. [26] X Research Sources
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Dig a hole twice as wide as the root pot. Measure the diameter of the root ball to know the size of the hole to dig. Place the tree in the center of the hole, then fill it with soil. Compact the soil again before moistening the soil with distilled water. [27] X Research Source
- You can also grow plants in pots in the garden. [28] X Trusted Source Royal Horticultural Society Go to Source
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Water regularly for 3 weeks, then reduce to once a week. You need to water the moist soil around the plant 2-3 times per week while the seedlings adjust to the new location. After about 20 days, reduce the number of waterings to once a week. If the soil is wet, you can water less. Wait until the soil is completely dry before watering. [29] X Research Sources
- If it’s too dry, you may need to increase the frequency of watering. Pay attention to whether the tips of the leaves are yellow, as this is a sign that you are watering too much. If the leaves are falling off, you need to water a little more.
- If only the leaves at the base of the branch turn brown or yellow, that’s normal. New healthy leaves will appear on top of the old leaves.
Propagate plants from branches
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Use cuttings from mature trees to make it easier to propagate. You’ll have a much better chance of success growing sage from cuttings than growing from seed. Seeds are more erratic and may not germinate. [30] X EDIS Trusted Source Go to Source
- If you’re going to propagate twigs indoors, you can do so at any time of the year. If you want to propagate the plant in the wild, you should do it in the summer. [31] X Trusted Source Royal Horticultural Society Go to Source
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Choose healthy shoots from last year. Choose a branch with mature, lush buds on the top of the tree. The branch should be sturdy and not new to the ground. [32] X Trusted Source Royal Horticultural Society Go to the source Twigs selected for propagation must also be long enough to sprout. Cut a piece about 20-30 cm long. [33] X Research Sources
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Cut the branch at the base of the tree. Leave the tops on the branches, as the leaves will help provide nutrients to the plant through photosynthesis. [34] X Trusted Source Royal Horticultural Society Go to Source
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Stick the branch in the bucket of water. Place the cut end of the twig in a bucket containing about 8cm-12cm of distilled water. [35] X Research Source To prevent bacteria growth, you need to change the water every 5-7 days. [36] X Research Source Make sure the water level stays the same by adding more water if needed.
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Provide heat source and use rooting hormone. A heat source should be placed under the plant, such as a heater. Warm temperatures and rooting hormones will increase the chances of your efforts being successful.
- Follow the directions on the rooting hormone packaging.
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Wait for the roots to sprout after a few weeks. Although it takes a long time for the tree to sprout from the top, the roots will start to grow after only 10-20 days. They look like white curls. [37] X Research Source You can plant rooted cuttings in separate pots of potting soil. [38] X Research Source
Drills
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Propagate by seed if you cannot find a mature plant. Although it is perfectly possible to propagate the plant from seed, you may need to experiment with this method a few times before it succeeds. Many species of plants are difficult to propagate from seed, and the dandelion is no exception. If you like a challenge then this is for you! [39] X Research Sources
- You can buy sage seeds online, although they are often more expensive than mature plants.
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Sow seeds indoors before the last frost at 18-21 degrees Celsius. This mimics the plant’s natural growth cycle to stimulate germination. [40] X Trusted Source Royal Horticultural Society Go to Source
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Soak seeds for 4-5 days before sowing. Drop the seeds into a bowl of warm water. You don’t need to change the water every day. This step also stimulates seed germination. [41] X Research Source
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Bury the seeds in the pot with the potting soil. Pour in a pot of specialized compost for seeding or an equal proportion of all-purpose compost and perlite. Press the soil with your fingers and water it with distilled water until the water drains out of the drainage holes in the bottom of the pot. Place 1 or 2 seeds in a pot and gently bury them in the ground. [42] X Trusted Source Royal Horticultural Society Go to Source
- The layer of soil above the seeds only needs to be more than 0.5 cm thick.
- Sowing compost is better than all-purpose compost, but both can be used.
- The seeds should be sown at least 2 cm apart.
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Cover the pot with plastic to keep moisture. Place the potted plant in a sealed plastic bag. Label the plant with the name of the plant and the date of sowing. Check the soil every day to make sure it stays moist. Water the soil again if it feels dry. [43] X Trusted Source Royal Horticultural Society Go to Source
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Wait 30-40 days for the seeds to germinate. If successful, the seeds will germinate in about a month. When the seedlings are large enough, you can gently transfer them to a separate pot with moist soil. [44] X Trusted Source Royal Horticultural Society Go to the source Continue potting the plant until the leaves grow out and are a bit sturdier. [45] X Research Source
Warning
- The plant is very sensitive to fluoride, so it is best to use distilled water to water the plant.
- The plant is poisonous to dogs and cats. You should consider choosing other plants to grow indoors if you have pets. [46] X Research Source
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This article was co-written by Lauren Kurtz. Lauren Kurtz is an expert in nature and horticulture. Lauren has worked for Aurora, Cporado, managing the Water-Wise Garden at Aurora City Center for the Department of Water Conservation. She earned her bachelor’s degree in Environmental and Sustainability Studies from Western Michigan University in 2014.
There are 22 references cited in this article that you can view at the bottom of the page.
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The plant (Madagascar dragon or Dracaena marginata), is an easy plant to care for and can grow well indoors. If you live in a warm climate with mild winters, you can even grow this colorful plant outdoors year-round! Make sure the plant receives full sun and shade, and provides it with enough water (but not too much!) You can propagate it by cuttings or seeding if you like the challenge. And if you love cheerful colors like yellows and reds, choose another variety to brighten up your home or garden!
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