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This article was co-written by Pippa Elliott, MRCVS. Elliott is a veterinarian with more than thirty years of experience in veterinary surgery and pet treatment. She graduated from the University of Glasgow in 1987 with a degree in veterinary surgeon. She has worked at a veterinary clinic in her hometown for more than 20 years.
There are 8 references cited in this article that you can see at the bottom of the page.
This article has been viewed 129,755 times.
Natural instinct will help the mother dog through the birth, but you should also know how to help the mother dog and the puppies to keep them safe and healthy.
Steps
Preparing for the birth of the mother dog
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Take your dog to the vet for a checkup. Make an appointment with your veterinarian to bring the mother dog in for a checkup. The doctor will confirm the dog’s pregnancy status and check for complications if any. [1] X Research Source
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Prepare a bed for the dog. Make a nest for the dog at least a week before the expected due date. You need to set aside space for your dog by preparing a comfortable bed or box with towels or blankets.
- Choose a secluded place, such as a separate room, for your dog to have privacy and quiet.
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Place food and water in or near your dog’s bed. Have food and water available near your dog’s bed so it can be easily accessed. Thus, the mother dog will not have to leave the puppies to eat and drink.
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Feed the mother dog puppy food. Pregnant dogs need to eat good quality puppy food that is high in protein and calcium. This will help the mother dog’s body prepare to produce enough milk.
- You should feed the mother puppy puppy food until the puppies are weaned. [2] X Research Source
Monitor mother dog after giving birth
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Keep an eye on the mother dog during childbirth. If your presence does not frighten the mother dog, watch out while she is in labor. You don’t have to worry. Mother dogs will have uncomfortable contractions just like women when giving birth. It’s part of the birthing process.
- Many puppies are born in the middle of the night, while you are still sleeping. When the mother dog’s due date is near, you need to make it a habit to visit her as soon as she wakes up.
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Make sure the mother dog has to clean the puppies right away. The mother dog will clean the puppies right after birth. Wait a minute or two for the mother dog to tear off the outer covering and lick the pups clean. If after this time, the mother dog has not finished, you need to intervene and peel off the puppy’s coating, then actively rub the puppy dry and stimulate its breathing. [3] X Research Sources
- If necessary, you can carefully tie the umbilical cord at a distance of 2.5 cm from the puppy and cut with clean scissors.
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Make sure the puppy is breastfed. Puppies will begin to suckle from their mother’s milk within 1-3 hours after birth. You may need to put the puppy in front of the mother’s nipple and gently squeeze some milk so that the puppy can smell the milk and suckle.
- If the puppy is not nursing at all or the mother is not nursing, there is probably something wrong with the puppy, such as a cleft palate. Open the puppy’s mouth and look at the roof of his mouth. The puppy’s palate should have a smooth surface with no openings to the sinuses. You should ask your veterinarian if you are concerned.
- You may need to tube or bottle feed your puppy with puppy formula if he is not suckling or unwell.
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Count the puppies. After the puppies are born, you should count exactly how many puppies there are. This will help you keep track of them better.
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Do not clear the placenta right away. The mother dog may want to eat the placenta, and there is no harm in this. The mother dog is getting back the nutrients she put into her pregnancy. You don’t have to clean up right away. If the mother dog does not eat the placenta, throw it in the trash.
- There are some cases where the mother dog vomited after eating the placenta.
- Remember that every puppy has a placenta.
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Keep warm where the dog lies. Puppies’ bodies are not yet able to regulate their body temperature well, so they need to be kept warm. During the first few days after the puppy is born, you need to keep the temperature in the puppy’s nest around 30 degrees Celsius. After that you can lower the temperature to about 24-26.5 degrees Celsius.
- Heat with a heater placed in a corner of the box where the puppy lies. If the puppy is cold, it won’t move much. Check to make sure the litter is warm and the puppies are close together and close to their mother.
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Take the mother dog and puppies to the vet for a checkup. Make an appointment with your doctor to bring your dog in for a postnatal checkup. The vet will check to make sure that the mother dog is healing after birth and that the puppies are growing.
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Avoid letting other dogs get close to the mother and the newborn puppies. If the father dog is also kept in the house, you need to make sure he is in a separate place from the mother dog and her pups. Other dogs in the house are also not allowed near the mother of the newborn dog. The mother dog can become aggressive to protect her cubs. This is normal, and you should not punish the mother dog for her maternal instincts.
- The mother dog may also exhibit a protective instinct against humans, so you also need to prevent young children from disturbing the puppies.
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Do not bathe the mother dog immediately after birth. Unless your dog is heavily soiled, wait a couple of weeks before bathing her with a mild oat oil made specifically for dogs. Be sure to rinse the water well so the puppies don’t come into contact with the soapy residue left behind when they’re nursing.
Mother dog care
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Feed the mother dog puppy food. A lactating mother dog needs to eat quality puppy food with a high protein and calcium content in order to produce enough milk to breastfeed. You should feed the mother puppy puppy food until the puppies are weaned.
- Feed the mother dog as she wants, usually the amount of food the mother dog during this time will be four times more than before pregnancy. Don’t be afraid to overfeed your dog, as the production of puppy milk requires a lot of calories.
- Note that within 24-48 hours of birth, the mother dog may not eat much. [4] X Research Sources
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Do not mix calcium supplements in the mother dog’s food. Do not add calcium to your mother dog’s diet without first consulting your veterinarian. Excessive calcium intake can cause the mother dog to develop milk fever later in life. [5] X Research Sources
- Milk fever is caused by a significant drop in blood calcium levels and usually occurs 2-3 weeks after the start of breastfeeding. The mother dog’s muscles begin to tighten and may tremble. This condition can lead to seizures because the calcium level in the blood drops too low.
- If you suspect that the mother dog has milk fever, see your veterinarian immediately.
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Let the mother dog set her own schedule. During the first 2-4 weeks, the mother dog will be very busy taking care of her cubs. The mother dog will not want to be away from the puppies for too long. It is important for the mother dog at this time to be near the puppies to keep them warm and feed them. You should only take the mother dog out to the toilet for about 5-10 minutes.
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Trimming for dogs with long hair. If it is a long-haired breed, the mother dog needs to be trimmed around the tail, hind legs and near the mammary glands to keep these areas clean when the puppies are born.
- A dog trimmer or veterinarian can help you with this if you find it difficult or don’t have the tools.
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Check the mother dog’s mammary glands daily. Mastitis can occur and progress very quickly. If you notice that the mammary gland is very red (or purple), hard, hot, or painful, there is a problem. In some cases, mastitis can be fatal to the lactating mother.
- If you suspect that the mother dog has mastitis, you need to take the dog to the veterinarian immediately. Even if you have to take your dog to the emergency veterinary hospital, you need to do it right away. [6] X Research Sources , [7] X Research Sources , [8] X Research Sources
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Know that the mother dog will have vaginal discharge. It is normal for the mother dog to have vaginal discharge during the first few weeks (up to about 8 weeks) after giving birth. The discharge may be reddish-brown and stringy, sometimes with a mild odor.
- If the discharge is yellow, green, gray, or has a foul odor, take your dog to the vet. It is possible that the mother dog has an infection in the uterus. [9] X Research Source
Newborn puppy care
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Monitor nursing puppies. Make sure the puppy is nursing every few hours for the first few weeks. They will eat at least every 2-4 hours. Well-fed puppies will sleep well; If the pups cry a lot, they are probably undernourished. You can check out the plump little bellies and silky coat that are signs that the puppies are well cared for.
- You can weigh your puppies with an electronic scale to ensure that they gain weight every day. Puppies will double their weight after the first week. [10] X Research Source
- Don’t overlook a puppy that looks thinner or more passive than others in its litter. Take it to the vet right away. It is possible that the puppy needs additional feeding or other treatment.
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Monitor for abnormalities in puppies. If you notice all the puppies are growing up after the first few days, only one still looks small and thin, it could be a sign of undernutrition or another problem. You need to take him to the vet to be checked right away. Newborn dogs, like newborn babies, can get sick and become dehydrated very quickly.
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Keep the litter box clean. As the puppies grow older and move around more, their beds will get dirtier. You need to clean the puppies at least 2-3 times a day to keep their nests clean.
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Petting puppies to communicate with them. Puppies need healthy socializing with the new world around them, including getting to know people. Hold the puppy in your arms several times a day. Get your puppy used to full body touch so they won’t be unfamiliar as they get older.
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Wait until the puppies are eight weeks old before giving them away. If you want to sell or give away puppies, wait until they are 8 weeks old before giving them to a new owner. In some states in the US, such as California, it is illegal to sell or give away puppies before they are 8 weeks old.
- Puppies need to be fully weaned and able to eat dog food on their own before moving into a new home.
- Initiation of worming and vaccination of puppies should be done before giving the puppy away. You can consult your veterinarian and follow his advice.
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This article was co-written by Pippa Elliott, MRCVS. Elliott is a veterinarian with more than thirty years of experience in veterinary surgery and pet treatment. She graduated from the University of Glasgow in 1987 with a degree in veterinary surgeon. She has worked at a veterinary clinic in her hometown for more than 20 years.
There are 8 references cited in this article that you can see at the bottom of the page.
This article has been viewed 129,755 times.
Natural instinct will help the mother dog through the birth, but you should also know how to help the mother dog and the puppies to keep them safe and healthy.
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