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This article was co-written by Barry Zakar. Barry Zakar is a technician and founder of Little Red Truck Home Services in the San Francisco Bay Area. With over ten years of experience, Barry specializes in carpentry projects. He is skilled at building decks, railings, fences, gates and many other pieces of furniture. Barry holds an MBA from John F. Kennedy University.
This article has been viewed 5,118 times.
Usually you can use a wrench to open a bolt by turning a nut. However, in case the bolt is rusted or stuck, you need to find another way to open the bolt. If the hexagonal surfaces of the nuts and bolts are not chipped, try heating the bolt with a propane torch to loosen it. In most cases, a bolt that is actually stuck will not be able to be removed, and will need to be removed. Buy all the tools you need at a hardware or home appliance store.
Steps
Loosen bolts with a wrench or pliers
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Spray anti-rust oil under the bolt head and around the nut. Rust-preventing oils such as WD-40 will seep under the bolt heads and nuts, helping to lubricate the threads on the bolt. This method will make the bolt easier to remove, especially effective if the cause of the jam is rust. Wait at least 20 minutes for the oil to soak into the bolt. [1] X Research Source
- Buy anti-rust oil at any hardware store. Anti-rust oil is also sold in major supermarkets.
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Thread a hollow metal rod into the handle of the wrench. Use metal rods at least 0.5 m long. This is a way to extend the spanner handle by 0.5 m and will provide more torque when you remove the bolt. [2] X Research Source
- You can find hollow metal bars at any hardware or hardware store. Look for metal rods with a minimum inner diameter of 20 mm.
- If you’d like, you can take the wrench to a hardware store to make sure the handle fits into the metal bar.
- However, using a hollow metal rod to increase the torque may break the wrench.
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Try to open the bolt with an extended wrench. Fit the wrench head into the jammed bolt head, and hold the hinge mechanism at the furthest position on the extension metal. Use the other hand to hold the nut. Pull the metal rod firmly to loosen the bolt. With luck, the anti-rust oil may have weakened the resistance of the bolt and you can remove it. [3] X Research Sources
- If you find it too difficult to hold the wrench while holding the pliers, ask someone else to help you hold the pliers.
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Use dead pliers if the bolt or nut is chipped. If the hexagonal edges on the bolt head are chipped and rounded, the wrench will slip when you try to turn the bolt. The dead pliers have teeth on the inside of the jaws so they can tighten around chipped or rounded bolt heads. [4] X Research Sources
- You can thread the hollow metal rod into the dead pliers handle in the same way as with a wrench.
Heat to loosen bolts
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Heat the bolt with a propane torch if the above method does not work. If the wrench extension method fails to loosen the bolt, you must now use heat to open it. Light a torch and let the flame be about 15 mm from the bolt. Hold the flame on the bolt for about 15 seconds. [5] X Research Sources
- The heat of the torch will cause the bolt to expand.
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Use the flame of a torch to heat the nut for 15 seconds. After burning the bolt with fire and it begins to expand, you switch to burning the nut for 15 seconds. Alternately heat the bolt and nut for a total of 2 minutes. The unburnt bolt head will contract, while the burned head will expand and cause the bolt shape to change. [6] X Research Sources
- If you are lucky, the expansion of the bolt will break the links caused by corrosion.
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Loosen the bolt with an extension wrench. Insert the wrench handle into the hollow metal rod. Fit the wrench head to the bolt head, and use nut clamps. Hold the nut in place and pull the wrench handle. Pull 4-5 times to see if the bolt will move. [7] X Research Sources
- If the bolt cannot be opened, heat it with a torch for another 10 minutes, or switch to another method.
Remove rusty bolts
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Use an iron brush to scrub the rust as much as possible. Use a stiff-bristled wire brush and scrub vigorously to remove rust on the bolts (and nuts). You can hardly open a fully rusted bolt, so you have to scrub 4-5 minutes to remove most of the rust. [8] X Research Sources
- Large hardware stores sell specialized wire brushes for scrubbing rust.
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Use anti-rust agent to spray a lot on the bolt to soak into the thread. After you have scrubbed most of the rust, spray anti-rust agent on both ends of the bolt. Allow the liquid to soak into the thread underneath the bolt head for about 30 minutes. Brands of effective rust dissolving lubricants are Liquid Wrench, PB Blaster, and Royal Purple Maxfilm. [9] X Research Source
- Do not use WD-40 for this purpose. While it’s an effective lubricant, it won’t be as effective at dissolving many layers of rust.
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Use a hammer to hit the bolt head 6-12 times. After the lubricant helps loosen the rusted bolt, you hammer the head of the bolt to cause a shock and get the bolt out of the stuck position. The impact can also cause micro-cracks in the bolt and make it easier to unscrew. [10] X Research Source
- Change the hammer’s tapping position to avoid hitting the same spot. Tap at least one on all 6 sides of the bolt.
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Open the rusted bolt with a long-handled wrench. The long handle of the spanner will produce more torque than the regular short handle. Grab at the end of the spanner handle and pull with steady force. [11] X Research Source If you pull hard enough, the bolt will open.
- If you don’t know the bolt size, try 3-4 different wrench sizes to find the best fit.
Destroy the stuck bolt
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Buy a screwdriver that fits the bolt size. Measure the diameter of the threaded part of the bolt and find the right size screwdriver to destroy the stuck bolt. Take this measurement to a hardware store and purchase a screw extractor that is about 4mm smaller.
- If you have bolt measurements, a salesperson can help you find the right size screwdriver.
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Drill the bolt with a screwdriver. A screw extractor is a long threaded metal rod that can be screwed into a conventional drill. Place the screwdriver head in the center of the bolt, and gently squeeze the drill trigger to drill through the bolt shaft, then the drill will remove the bolt from the inside. [12] X Research Source
- This method will destroy the bolt, but is the easier way.
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Use a wrench to unscrew the drilled bolt. If the bolt does not come off by itself while drilling, use a wrench to tighten it. Fit the wrench into the drilled bolt head and turn it counterclockwise. [13] X Research Source
- If the screwdriver breaks the bolt and leaves pieces of the bolt stuck in the hole, knock the bolt and nut out with a hammer to remove them.
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Use a reciprocating saw to cut the bolts if all else fails. If the screwdriver can’t pull out the bolt, or if the bolt is too rusty for the screwdriver to drill in, the only option is to cut the bolt. Insert the saw blade into the reciprocating saw and place the saw blade on the jammed bolt shaft. Start the saw to cut across the bolt body. [14] X Research Source
- Keep your fingers and hands away from the saw blade while cutting bolts.
Things you need
Loosen bolts with a wrench or pliers
- Anti-rust spray
- Wrench
- Hollow metal bar
- Large pliers
- Pliers dead
Heat to loosen bolts
- Propane torch
- Wrench
- Hollow metal bar
- Large pliers
Remove rusty bolts
- Iron brush
- Thread lubricant and rust remover
- Hammer
- Long handle wrench
Destroy the stuck bolt
- Drill
- Snail removal tool
- Wrench
- Hammer (optional)
- Progressive saw
- Saw blade
Advice
- The metal carving knife is an effective tool for destroying stuck bolt heads.
- The bolt is a threaded cylindrical metal rod, with a hexagonal head. The nut is a hexagonal metal ring that is used to screw into the threaded part of the bolt and can be tightened. When the nut is tightened, it grips the object caught by the bolt.
- If the stuck bolt is very large, assuming a diameter of more than 5 cm, use a pipe wrench. This wrench produces great torque, and the wrench’s jaws clamp firmly onto the bolt head. [15] X Research Source
- For bolts that have broken heads or are flattened, you must definitely use a screw extractor. [16] X Research Source
Warning
- Propane gas is very flammable. Store propane in a cool environment, away from open flames and other heat sources.
- Use caution when using propane torch. Flames give off a lot of heat, so never point the flame at your face or hands.
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This article was co-written by Barry Zakar. Barry Zakar is a technician and founder of Little Red Truck Home Services in the San Francisco Bay Area. With over ten years of experience, Barry specializes in carpentry projects. He is skilled at building decks, railings, fences, gates and many other pieces of furniture. Barry holds an MBA from John F. Kennedy University.
This article has been viewed 5,118 times.
Usually you can use a wrench to open a bolt by turning a nut. However, in case the bolt is rusted or stuck, you need to find another way to open the bolt. If the hexagonal surfaces of the nuts and bolts are not chipped, try heating the bolt with a propane torch to loosen it. In most cases, a bolt that is actually stuck will not be able to be removed, and will need to be removed. Buy all the tools you need at a hardware or home appliance store.
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