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This article was co-written by Erik Kramer, DO, MPH. Dr. Kramer is a primary care physician at the University of Cporado, specializing in weight management, diabetes, and internal medicine. He received his DO degree from Touro University College of Osteopathic Medicine in 2012.
There are 17 references cited in this article that you can view at the bottom of the page.
This article has been viewed 19,687 times.
Glaucoma is one of the most common eye diseases. It occurs when the fluid pressure in the eye (intraocular pressure) is higher than normal. If left untreated, glaucoma can lead to glaucoma and even permanent vision damage, so it’s important to take action. Glaucoma is defined as increased intraocular pressure without loss of vision or damage to the optic nerve like glaucoma. An ophthalmologist can check for this condition during routine eye exams. Eye drops are often one of the first treatments for glaucoma, but unfortunately they are not effective for all cases. [1] X Research Source
Steps
Adjust your diet and lifestyle
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Decrease insulin levels in the body. People who are obese, have diabetes, or have high blood pressure often develop insulin resistance, which causes the body to produce more insulin. High insulin levels are associated with glaucoma. [2] X Trusted Source PubMed Central Go to Source
- To get around this, patients are often advised to avoid certain foods that can cause insulin levels to spike. These foods include: sugar, cereals (whole and organic), bread, pasta, rice, cereal, and potatoes.
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Exercise 30 minutes a day most days of the week. Talk to your doctor about starting an exercise regimen just to be safe. Activities such as aerobics, jogging, brisk walking, cycling and strength training, if exercised regularly, can help lower insulin levels in the body, thereby preventing glaucoma. [3] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
- Avoid upside down exercises and positions, as this position can increase intraocular pressure. These exercises include some yoga poses, such as the banana tree planting.
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Add omega-3 fatty acids to your diet. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that maintains the function of the retina and prevents increased pressure in the eye. To boost your DHA levels, try to eat 2-3 servings of the following fish per week. [4] X Research Sources
- DHA (and other omega-3 fatty acids) is present in cold water fish such as salmon, tuna, sardines, herring, and shellfish.
Tip : Another way to supplement DHA is to take fish oil tablets or DHA supplements extracted from seaweed. For best results, you should take standard fish oil tablets at a dosage of 3,000 – 4,000mg per day, or take a seaweed extract supplement with a dosage of 200mg per day.
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Eat more foods containing lutein and zeaxanthin. Lutein and zeaxanthin are carotenoids that act as antioxidants, protecting the body from free radicals. Free radicals weaken the immune system, which in turn increases the risk of infection and damage to the optic nerve. [5] X Research Sources
- Lutein and zeaxanthin also help reduce pressure in the eye by reducing oxidative damage around the optic nerve. This is important, because any damage to the optic nerve increases intraocular pressure.
- Foods rich in lutein and zeaxanthin include kale, spinach, collard greens, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, and raw egg yolks. You should try to eat at least one of the above foods in each main meal of the day.
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Avoid eating trans fats. As mentioned above, omega-3 fatty acids help reduce eye pressure. However, foods high in trans fats interfere with the action of omega-3s and can lead to glaucoma. For that reason, you should limit your intake of foods high in trans fats, some of which include: [6] X Research Source
- Packaged cookies, crackers, muffins and other baked goods
- Fried food
- Margarine
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Loaded with antioxidants. Dark berries like blueberries, raspberries, and blackberries improve overall eye health by strengthening the capillaries that transport nutrients to the optic nerve and eye muscles. . That’s because the antioxidants in dark berries promote blood vessel health, which in turn reduces the risk of blood vessel bleeding and damage. [7] X Research Sources
- You should try to eat at least 1 serving of dark berries every day.
- Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is an antioxidant used to prevent and treat a number of eye disorders, including glaucoma and glaucoma. The usual dosage is 75 mg, taken twice daily. [8 ] X Research Sources Filina AA, Davydova NG, Endrikhovskii SN, Shamshinova AM [Lipoic acid as a means of metabpic therapy of open-angle glaucoma]. Vestn Oftalmp 1995;111(4):6-8.
- Blackberries are widely used to enhance vision and prevent degenerative eye diseases, including glaucoma. Research on a product containing blackberry extract and pycnogenp (an extract from pine bark) has shown a clinically relevant reduction in intraocular pressure. [9] X Study sources Steigerwalt, RD, Gianni, B., Papo, M., Bombardelli, E., Burki, C., and Schonlau, F. Effects of Mirtogenp on ocular blood flow and intraocular hypertension in asymptomatic subjects. Mp Vis 2008;14:1288-1292.
- Grape seed extract is also an effective antioxidant that reduces eye strain from glare. Grape seed extract is commonly used to fight signs of aging and improve night vision. [10] X Research Resources Corbe, C., Boissin, JP, and Siou, A. [Light vision and chorioretinal circulation. Study of the effect of procyanidpic pigomers (Endotelon)]. J Fr.Ophtalmp. 1988;11(5):453-460
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Limit or avoid caffeine. Consuming large amounts of caffeine can increase eye pressure, so you should only consume foods and drinks containing caffeine in moderation. Cut back on coffee, tea, Coke, energy drinks, chocolate, and other things with caffeine. You should even eliminate these foods completely for a month or more to see if there is a reduction in eye pressure. [11] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
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Take a multivitamin every day to make sure you get enough nutrients. While there’s no clear evidence that vitamins can help prevent cataracts, taking a multivitamin every day can be helpful if you don’t have a well-balanced diet. Look for vitamins that contain 100% of the daily value as follows: [12] X Research Source
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin B-complex
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin E
- Calcium
- Magnesium
- Zinc
Surgical plan
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Learn about surgical options for persistent glaucoma. If left untreated, glaucoma can damage the optic nerve, leading to glaucoma. [13] X Research Source Over time, this disease can lead to vision loss. Glaucoma is usually treated with a combination of eye drops and oral medications. However, if these measures do not work, the patient may need surgery to reduce intraocular pressure. [14] X Research Source
- Cataract surgery improves the flow of aqueous humor in the eye, which in turn lowers intraocular pressure. Sometimes, one surgery is not enough to reduce eye pressure and treat cataracts. This case requires surgery again.
- There are many types of cataract surgery, depending on the severity of the disease.
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Ask your doctor about draining surgery in severe cases. Drainage grafting is often used to treat glaucoma in children or patients with severe cataracts. With this procedure, a small tube is placed in the eye to help drain the fluid. The pressure in the eye will decrease after the aqueous humor is drained out. [15] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
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Consider laser surgery as an alternative to eye drops. Glaucoma laser surgery is a type of surgery that uses high-energy lasers to open blocked drainage tubes in the eye, allowing excess fluid to drain. This procedure is usually done on an outpatient basis. After surgery, you will have your eye pressure checked periodically to make sure the surgery was a success. [16] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
- Another type of laser surgery is iridotomy. This method is for people with a very narrow drainage angle in the eye. The procedure creates a small hole in the upper part of the iris to drain the fluid.
- If laser iridotomy doesn’t work, you may need a peripheral iridotomy. This procedure removes part of the iris to improve drainage. This type of surgery is relatively rarely used.
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Talk to your ophthalmologist about blepharoplasty. Trabeculectomy is often used as a last resort to treat glaucoma if eye drops and laser surgery have failed. [17] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
- In this procedure, the doctor makes a hole in the sclera (the white part of the eye) and cuts away a small piece of tissue at the base of the cornea. This procedure allows the fluid in the eye to drain out, thereby helping to lower intraocular pressure.
- Surgery will be performed on one eye first, followed by surgery on the other eye if needed a few weeks later. The patient may need further treatment after the procedure if the opening becomes blocked or closed.
Tip : Note that this surgery sometimes fails due to a lot of scar tissue.
Practice relaxation exercises
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Practice blinking every 3-4 seconds. Relax and heal your eyes by actively blinking every 3-4 seconds for 2 minutes at a time. You can use the watch to keep track if necessary. This can reduce the pressure in the eye somewhat, making the eye ready to process new information. [18] X Research Sources
- We often do not blink when working in front of the computer screen, watching TV or playing games. This makes the eyes even more strained.
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Place your palm over your eyes. Place your right hand over your right eye, fingers touching your forehead, palm touching your cheekbones. Do not press close to the eyes. Leave your hands like this for 30 seconds to 1 minute, blinking freely during this time. Remove your hand from your right eye, cover your left eye with your left hand and do the same. [19] X Research Source
- Covering your eyes with the palm of your hand relaxes your eyes and mind, relieves stress, and allows you to blink freely.
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Use your eyes to draw an imaginary number 8. Imagine a large 8 on the wall in front of you. Use your eyes to draw this figure 8 without moving your head. Continue like this for 1-2 minutes. If you find it difficult to imagine a horizontal 8, draw a large 8 on the wallpaper on the wall and follow it with your eyes. [20] X Research Sources
- This exercise strengthens the eye muscles and increases flexibility, making the eyes less susceptible to injury and glaucoma.
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Focus on near and far objects. Sit in a comfortable place, free of distractions. Hold your thumb in front of you, about 25cm away from your eyes, and look there. Focus on the thumb for 10 seconds, then shift the focus to another object, about 3-6 meters away from the eye. Alternately focus your eyes on your thumb and distant object for 1-2 minutes. [21] X Research Source
- This exercise strengthens the eye muscles and improves vision in general.
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Focus on looking at the thumb moving away and closer. Straighten your hand directly in front of you and raise your thumb. Focus both eyes on the thumb, then slowly bring the thumb closer until it is about 8cm away from the eyes. Extend your thumb away again, always focusing both eyes. Continue to move your thumb like this for 1-2 minutes.
- This exercise improves concentration and strengthens the eye muscles.
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Learn about biofeedback therapy to lower intraocular pressure. With biofeedback therapy, you’ll learn to control the normal processes that occur in the body, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature. A biofeedback specialist can teach you the right techniques so you can do them yourself. [22] X Research Source
Get medical help
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See an ophthalmologist for a diagnosis. Glaucoma is a difficult disease to diagnose, as it has no obvious symptoms such as redness or pain in the eyes. The disease cannot be diagnosed with a routine vision test, so you need to see an ophthalmologist for an eye exam. The specialist will use a combination of methods to determine glaucoma.
- Tonometry : This method is used to measure the pressure in the eye and determine if this pressure level is still within normal limits. Your eye will be numbed and an orange dye will be put into your eye to help determine your intraocular pressure level. The specialist will use an eye pressure gauge by applying pressure to the eye. However, it is important to take into account the thickness of the cornea, as people with thick corneas can get falsely elevated measurements. [23] X Research Source ttps://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003447.htm
- A reading of 21 mmHg or more indicates glaucoma. Rarely, people with a reading of 30 mmHg or less have glaucoma. However, other conditions can affect this measurement, such as head and eye trauma or a hematoma behind the cornea.
- Blow air. With this method, the patient will be asked to look directly into a device while the specialist shines a light into the eye. This device will create a jet of air directly into the eye. A special gauge will give pressure readings by assessing the changes in light reflection when the airflow hits the eye.
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Talk to your doctor about possible causes of glaucoma. Glaucoma is related to age and other factors. Many factors can contribute to the development of glaucoma, which include: [24] X Research Source
- Excessive production of aqueous humor. The aqueous humor is a clear liquid secreted by the eyes. The aqueous humor is drained from the eye through a network of drainage channels. If too much aqueous fluid is produced, the pressure in the eye increases.
- Fluid drainage is not good. Poor drainage of aqueous humor can lead to increased intraocular pressure.
- Some drugs. Certain medications (such as steroids) can cause glaucoma, especially in people with pre-existing risk factors.
- Eye injury. Any irritation or damage to the eye can affect the balance in the production and drainage of aqueous humor, which in turn leads to increased intraocular pressure. [25] X Research Sources
- Other eye diseases. Glaucoma is often associated with other eye diseases such as pseudoexfoliation syndrome, corneal opacities, and pigment dispersion syndrome.
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Identify risk factors for glaucoma. Anyone can develop glaucoma, but studies have shown the following groups of people to be at high risk:
- African American.
- People over 40 years old
- People with a family history of glaucoma and cataracts
- People with thinner central corneal thickness [5] X Research Source
Warning
- Some fish that are recommended to increase omega-3 fatty acids contain small amounts of mercury, but in limited portions they are not harmful. However, women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant need to be cautious and should avoid eating mackerel, halibut, swordfish and shark.
- If you are taking eye drops for glaucoma, you should not stop using them without consulting your ophthalmologist.
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This article was co-written by Erik Kramer, DO, MPH. Dr. Kramer is a primary care physician at the University of Cporado, specializing in weight management, diabetes, and internal medicine. He received his DO degree from Touro University College of Osteopathic Medicine in 2012.
There are 17 references cited in this article that you can view at the bottom of the page.
This article has been viewed 19,687 times.
Glaucoma is one of the most common eye diseases. It occurs when the fluid pressure in the eye (intraocular pressure) is higher than normal. If left untreated, glaucoma can lead to glaucoma and even permanent vision damage, so it’s important to take action. Glaucoma is defined as increased intraocular pressure without loss of vision or damage to the optic nerve like glaucoma. An ophthalmologist can check for this condition during routine eye exams. Eye drops are often one of the first treatments for glaucoma, but unfortunately they are not effective for all cases. [1] X Research Source
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