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How to Recognize Signs of Dyslexia

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Dyslexia is a birth defect whose main feature is making it difficult for people to read. In about 20% of the U.S. population and millions more undiagnosed, dyslexia is related to the way the brain works and is not the result of a lack of education, intelligence or poor eyesight. . [1] People with this disability often have difficulty reading words individually, as well as combining sounds to write or pronounce complete words. In other words, people with dyslexia must try to translate language into thought (listening or reading) and thought into language (written or spoken), [2] because so they can’t read accurately, fluently, or at the same speed as the average person. Although it is a birth defect, you can treat and overcome dyslexia once diagnosed. The main symptom is difficulty reading or slow reading, in fact there are several ways to identify dyslexia in preschool children, school-age children and adults.

Identifying dyslexia in preschool children (3-6 years old)

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Find difficulties with speaking and listening. People with dyslexia often have difficulty decoding and processing language, so symptoms will appear in some skill other than reading. [4] One or two symptoms are not necessarily a sign of dyslexia, but if your child experiences more than one of the following symptoms, you should see your pediatrician.

  • Slurred speech (although there are many causes of this condition). Consult your doctor if you are concerned about your child’s level of speech development. [5]
  • Difficulty pronouncing words, for example misreading letters – “coroner” instead of “ant”. [6]
  • Difficulty dividing words into separate sounds and vice versa, limited ability to mix sounds to form words when speaking. [7]
  • Difficulty forming rhymes between words. [8]
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Find difficulties in learning. Because children with dyslexia often have difficulty with phonemes (the ability to manipulate sounds) and slow response rates between images and words, [9] , children also have difficulty learning basic knowledge, including: [10]

  • Slow build-up of vocabulary. Children with dyslexia at preschool age usually speak only a few words. [11]
  • Slow to remember sounds, letters, colors and numbers. Children are also slow to name things that are very familiar to them. [12]
  • Difficulty recognizing one’s own name. [13] [
  • Difficulty creating rhythm or reading nursery rhymes.
  • Difficulty remembering the content of movies, even favorite movies.
  • Note that writing errors are not necessarily a sign of dyslexia in preschool children. Many preschoolers and first graders reverse the letters and numbers when they are learning to write. However, this can be a sign of dyslexia for older children, and if the inversion of letters and numbers persists, you should have your child tested for dyslexia. [15]
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Look for physical difficulties. Because dyslexia also causes some problems with spatial organization and fine motor skills, young children may exhibit physical signs such as: [16]

  • Delayed development of fine motor skills such as holding a pen, holding a book, using buttons and zippers, or brushing teeth. [17] [18]
  • Difficult to distinguish left from right. [19]
  • Difficulty getting into the rhythm of the music. [20]
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Talk to your pediatrician. If you suspect your child has dyslexia, it’s best to consult your doctor. Early diagnosis is always an important factor in helping children cope with this birth defect.

  • Experts often use a group of tests to diagnose dyslexia in children, with the youngest age at diagnosis being 5. [21]

Identifying dyslexia in school-age children (6-18 years old)

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Look for signs of difficulty reading. Dyslexia in children and adolescents is often first discovered when they fail to keep up with their classmates in reading lessons or have worse reading skills than their peers. This is the main sign to detect dyslexia. Reading problems include: [23]

  • Slow to learn the relationship between letters and their respective pronunciations. [24]
  • Often confused between short words like “she” and “bowl” or “rice” and “shrimp”.
  • Repeatedly making mistakes in reading, spelling, and writing, even after being corrected. [25] Common mistakes include misspellings (“bitter” – “correct”), misspellings (“ca”–“ca”), extra-letter reading (“ca”–” can”), read more words (“the” – “ca”), misread (“orange” – “com”), read letters (“con” – “chon”), read reverse mixed letters (“con” – “non”). [26]
  • You need to read a passage over and over again to understand the content. [28]
  • Difficulty understanding concepts that should be understood by that age group.
  • Not knowing what to expect next in a story or sequence of events. [30]
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Find problems in listening and speaking skills. The root cause of dyslexia is problems with phonemic processing, the ability to see and hear words, break words into separate sounds and then combine each sound with the letter to form complete words. correction. [31] Although this is particularly difficult for reading skills, it also affects the ability to hear, speak clearly and accurately. [32] Signs include:

  • Difficulty understanding quick instructions or being unable to recall sequences of commands.
  • Hard to remember what I heard.
  • Difficulty translating thoughts into words. [33] Children often speak hesitantly and leave incomplete sentences. [34]
  • Slurred speech: using the wrong word or similar word for what you mean.
  • Difficulty creating or understanding rhymes. [35]
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Look for physical symptoms. Because dyslexia also causes problems with spatial organization, children with dyslexia also have difficulty with motor skills. Common signs of a motor skill problem are: [36]

  • Difficulty writing or copying articles. Cramped.
  • Frequent confusion between left and right, top and bottom.
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Look for emotional or behavioral cues. Children with dyslexia often work very hard in school, especially when they find that their peers can read and write with relative ease. As a result, children often feel less intelligent or like they’ve failed. [37] There are a number of emotional and behavioral signs that your child is having dyslexia that is not diagnosed and treated:

  • Show low self-esteem. [39]
  • Withdrawn or depressed, not interested in socializing or going with a group of friends. [40]
  • Feeling anxious. Some experts consider anxiety to be the most common emotional symptom in children with dyslexia.
  • Expressing extreme frustration, expressing it in the form of anger. Children may also engage in disruptive behavior such as “naughty” to draw attention away from their limited learning abilities. [43]
  • Having trouble concentrating and seeming “emotional” or “dreamy”. [44]
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Watch for signs of avoidance. Children and adolescents with dyslexia often deliberately avoid situations where they are forced to read, write, or speak in front of crowds of friends, teachers, and parents. Especially for older children as they often use this avoidance strategy. A cluttered or even lazy lifestyle can be a way to avoid the difficulties associated with dyslexia. [45]

  • Children and adolescents may pretend to be sick to avoid having to read or speak in public for fear of embarrassment.
  • They also often hesitate to do reading and writing assignments as long as they can because they don’t want to try.
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Talk to your child’s teacher and doctor. If you think your child has dyslexia based on these signs, you must work with people who are also invested in your child, such as his teachers and doctors. They will direct you to an appropriate psychologist for a formal diagnosis. Early diagnosis is important in helping children cope with dyslexia.

  • For children with dyslexia, if their basic needs are not met, dire consequences can ensue. [46] shows that more than a third of students with dyslexia drop out of school by the time they reach high school, accounting for more than a quarter of high school dropouts.
  • No single test can diagnose dyslexia. The group of standardized tests consists of 16 separate assessments, which look at every aspect of the reading process to detect at which stage difficulty occurs, comparing reading level with potential reading ability based on intelligence, and test how students absorb and produce information most easily (hearing, seeing, or gesturing). [48]
  • Tests are usually designed to be administered in schools, but if you live in the US you can find a list of dyslexia centers and specialists here.

Identifying adults with dyslexia

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Find problems related to reading and writing. Adults who have had long-term dyslexia often struggle with the same problems as children. Common signs of reading and writing difficulties in adults include: [49]

  • Read slowly and miss many words.
  • Poor spelling. People with dyslexia often spell a word in different ways.
  • Using inappropriate vocabulary.
  • Difficulty organizing and planning, including organizing and synthesizing information.
  • Poor memory skills and trouble storing information after reading.
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Pay attention to coping strategies. Many people have to find and develop some sort of coping strategy to compensate for dyslexia. Strategies include: [52]

  • Avoid reading and writing.
  • Depends on others when it comes to spelling.
  • Hesitancy towards reading and writing tasks.
  • Depends on memory to not have to read.
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Notice some skills above the normal level. Although a person with this disorder has difficulty reading, it is not a sign of poor intelligence. [53] In fact, they often have outstanding skills, good intuition, and the ability to read other people’s minds accurately. They tend to possess good spatial thinking skills and can work in areas that require technical and architectural knowledge. [54]
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    Diagnostic check. Once identified as dyslexic, adults can learn a number of strategies to make reading and writing more effective, thus boosting their self-esteem. [55] [56] Ask your doctor to refer you to a specialist (usually a psychologist) to conduct appropriate tests.

    • Advice

    • Many people with dyslexia have lived very fulfilling lives in many different fields. Thomas Edison, Albert Einstein, George Washington, Charles Schwab, Andrew Jackson and Alexander Graham Bell are at the top of the list of politicians, businessmen, military leaders and dyslexia scientists who rose to their feet. and make a great contribution to the world. There are also Steven Spielberg, Orlando Bloom, Jay Leno, Tommy Hilfiger, Leonardo da Vinci and Ansel Adams who are also actors, artists and designers with this disorder. [57]
    • If you or a loved one has dyslexia, do not worry because there is treatment and a bright future ahead.

    Warning

    • There are many misconceptions about dyslexia and who has it. For example, dyslexia has nothing to do with intelligence, and difficulty reading does not reflect a lack of intelligence or academic effort. Research shows that both high and low IQ children struggle with phonemic coordination – the process of breaking words into separate sounds and vice versa, that is, combining sounds for writing or speaking. a complete word. [58] So it’s important to understand dyslexia before trying to determine if you or a loved one has dyslexia.
    • Identifying dyslexia is not easy because the symptoms and degree of disability present vary from person to person. In addition, the presence of other defects can complicate matters, the lines between them become blurred and/or the causes and effects of these defects can be confusing.

    Dyslexia is a birth defect whose main feature is making it difficult for people to read. In about 20% of the U.S. population and millions more undiagnosed, dyslexia is related to the way the brain works and is not the result of a lack of education, intelligence or poor eyesight. . [1] People with this disability often have difficulty reading words individually, as well as combining sounds to write or pronounce complete words. In other words, people with dyslexia must try to translate language into thought (listening or reading) and thought into language (written or spoken), [2] because so they can’t read accurately, fluently, or at the same speed as the average person. Although it is a birth defect, you can treat and overcome dyslexia once diagnosed. The main symptom is difficulty reading or slow reading, in fact there are several ways to identify dyslexia in preschool children, school-age children and adults.

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