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This article was co-written by Trudi Griffin, LPC, MS. Trudi Griffin is a licensed professional counselor in Wisconsin. She received her MS in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Marquette University in 2011.
There are 41 references cited in this article that you can view at the bottom of the page.
This article has been viewed 22,632 times.
The diagnosis of schizophrenia is a complex clinical process that has previously been the subject of much controversy. You cannot diagnose schizophrenia on your own, but must consult a clinical professional such as a psychiatrist or clinical psychologist. Only a mental health professional can accurately diagnose schizophrenia. However, if you suspect you have schizophrenia, there are some features that can help you get a better look at schizophrenia and determine if you are at risk.
Steps
Identify Specific Symptoms
- You must have at least 2 or more symptoms. Each symptom must have occurred for a significant period of time in the 1-month cycle (less if the symptom has been treated). At least one of the symptoms must be in the category of delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech. [3] X Research Sources
- There is a difference between delusion and doubt. Many people sometimes have irrational suspicions, such as that a co-worker is “intentionally causing trouble for me” or that they are being “chased by bad luck.” You have to distinguish, on the basis of the extent of these beliefs, whether they stress you to the point of not being productive.
- For example, if you believe that the government is spying on you, to the point of not daring to leave the house to go to work or school, it is a sign that irrational beliefs are causing instability in your life. [5] X Seeman Research Source , MV (2015). On Delusion Formation. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 60(2), 87–90.
- Sometimes there are very bizarre delusions, such as believing that you are an animal or supernatural being. If you find yourself believing in something that is out of the ordinary, this is likely a sign of delusion (but certainly not the only possibility).
- For example, how often do you feel something crawling in your hand? Do you often hear noises even when there are no people around? Do you see things that “shouldn’t be” there, or no one else does?
- For example, the belief that bad actions are punished by “fate” or “karma” seems quite delusional to some cultures, but completely normal to others. [8] X Research Resources Bhugra, D., & Kalra, G. (2010, July). Cross Cultural Psychiatry: Context and Issues. Journal of Pakistan Psychiatric Society, pp. 51–54.
- The perception of hallucinations also depends on cultural practices. For example, children in many cultures can have auditory or visual hallucinations such as hearing the voice of a deceased relative without being considered psychotic, nor will they develop psychosis as an adult. go up. [9] X Research Source[10] X Research Source Liester, MB (1998). Toward a new definition of hallucination. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 68(2), 305–312.[11] X Research Sources Mertin, P., Niamh. (two thousand and thirteen). High emotional arousal and failures in reality monitoring: Pathways to auditory hallucinations in non-psychotic children? Scandinavian Journal of Psychpogy, 54(2), 102–106.
- People who are too religious are more likely to see or hear some unusual things, like hearing the voice of a god or seeing an angel. Many belief systems accept these experiences as real and good, even what they seek. Unless the experience is stressful or dangerous for themselves or others, it’s usually not something to worry about. [12] X Research Resources Reed, P., & Clarke, N. (2014). Effect of religious context on the content of visual hallucinations in individuals high in religiosity. Psychiatry Research, 215, 594–598
- In severe cases, speech is “interwoven”, the strings of words and thoughts are unrelated and cannot be understood by the listener. [14] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
- As with the other symptoms in this section, you must consider “messy” speech and thinking in the social and cultural context in which you live. [15] X Research Source Scull, A. (2014). Cultural Socipogy of Mental Illness: An A-to-Z Guide. SAGE Publications For example, some beliefs hold that people will speak in a strange language that is incomprehensible when they come into contact with a certain divine figure. In addition, narratives are structured differently across cultures, with some oral stories appearing “strange” or “messy” to outsiders unfamiliar with the story. traditions and culture of the narrator. [16] X American Psychiatric Association Research Source . (two thousand and thirteen). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. American Psychiatric Association, p. 103.
- Your language can only be considered confusing if others are familiar with your cultural and religious practices and still cannot understand or interpret it (or in situations where your language “should” be) must be understood).
- Psychosis is another sign of abnormal behavioral motives. For people with severe schizophrenia, they can sit still for days on end. People with psychosis do not respond to external stimuli, such as suggestions for talking or physical touch such as touching and sniffing. [19] X Research Sources Sixt, B., van Aaken, C., Hennighausen, K., Fleischshaker, C., & Schulz, E. (2013). Severe catatonic schizophrenia in a 17-year-pd adpescent female. In N. Boutros & N. (Ed) Boutros (Eds.), The international psychiatry and behavioral neurosciences yearbook – 2012, Vp 2. (pp. 55–63). Hauppauge, NY, US: Nova Biomedical Books.
- Negative symptoms can also be cognitively related, such as difficulty concentrating. Cognitive symptoms are often more damaging and easier to spot than the inattention or inattention typically seen in people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). [21] X Freedman Research Source , JLZ (2012). Pseudo-ADHD in a Case of First-Episode Schizophrenia: Diagnostic and Treatment. Harvard Review of Psychiatry (Taylor & Francis Ltd), 20(6), 309–317.
- Unlike attention deficit disease (ADD) or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), cognitive difficulties occur in many different settings of life and cause considerable trouble.
Consider Your Life Next to Someone Else’s Life
- Work/Study
- Personal relationship
- Take care of yourself
- Do you feel confident when leaving home for work or school?
- Do you have trouble getting to class on time or showing up on a regular basis?
- What part of the job are you afraid to do now?
- If you are a student, has your academic performance been adversely affected?
- Are you still interested in previous relationships?
- Do you still enjoy socializing the way you usually do?
- Do you feel like you no longer enjoy talking to others as much as you used to?
- Do you feel scared or very nervous when interacting with other people?
- Do you feel harassed by others or suspect they have a motive not to let you know?
- You start to use or increase abuse of a substance, such as alcohol or drugs
- You don’t sleep well or sleep time varies widely (for example, 2 hours last night, 14 hours tonight, etc.)
- You don’t “feel” satisfied, or feel “bored”
- Body hygiene is becoming more and more scandalous
- Not cleaning the place
Think of Other Possibilities
- This period must include at least 1 month of “active status” of the symptoms mentioned in Part 1 (Criterion A), although this 1-month requirement may be reduced if symptoms are treated. .
- The 6-month period may also include periods of “prodromal” or residual symptoms. During these stages, symptoms are sometimes less intense (i.e. “weak”) or sometimes only “negative symptoms” such as lack of emotion or unwillingness to touch anything.
- The clinician will ask you if the moment of highs and lows or major depression occurs at the same time as the symptoms are in the “active phase”.
- Episodes of major depression include at least one of the following for a minimum of 2 weeks: depressed mood or loss of interest, pleasure in things that were previously enjoyed. Timing of depression also includes symptoms that frequently or nearly always occur within that time frame, such as weight changes, sudden changes in sleep habits, fatigue, irritability, or depression. , feeling guilty or worthless, having trouble concentrating and thinking, often thinking about death. [27] X Research Resources A mental health professional will help you determine if you’ve experienced a major depressive episode.
- A bittersweet moment is a very recognizable time (usually at least a week) when you’re in an unusually high mood, get angry easily, or open up. You also exhibit at least three other symptoms such as less desire to sleep, inflated ideas about yourself, frivolous or fleeting thoughts, distractions, more involvement in goal-directed activities, or participation excessive involvement in recreational activities, especially those that pose a risk or potential for negative consequences. [28] X Research Resources Mental health professionals help you determine if you’ve been through a bittersweet moment.
- They also ask you how long these mood swings last during the “active period” of symptoms. If the duration of the mood is brief compared with the duration of the active and residual symptoms, this could be a sign of schizophrenia.
- Although legal, prescription drugs can cause side effects such as hallucinations. For the clinician, they must distinguish what is a side effect of drug use and what is a symptom of disease.
- Substance use disorder (often called “substance abuse”) often co-occurs with schizophrenia. Many people with schizophrenia try to “self-treat” their symptoms with drugs, alcohol, and drugs. A mental health professional will help determine if you are abusing substances. [30] X Research Sources Gouzoulis-Mayfrank, E., & Walter, M. (2015). Schizophrenia and addiction. In G. Dom, F. Moggi, G. (Ed) Dom, & F. (Ed) Moggi (Eds.), Co-occurring addictive and psychiatric disorders: A practice-based handbook from a European perspective. (pp. 75–86). New York, NY, US: Springer-Verlag Publishing.
- If you have had a history of autism spectrum disorder or communication disorders as a child, you can only conclude that you have schizophrenia when delusions or hallucinations are evident .
- As noted above, it is possible that your symptoms stem from a trauma, illness or disorder. You must ask a mental health professional to accurately diagnose your illness or disorder.
- Cultural customs, individual characteristics and local people’s way of thinking and talking can influence the perception of a “normal” behavior. [33] X Research Sources Rashed, MA (2013). Psychiatric Judgments Across Cultural Contexts: Relativist, Clinical-Ethnographic, and Universalist-Scientific Perspectives. Journal of Medicine & Philosophy, 38(2), 128–148.
Act
- There is a free version of the Schizophrenia Test and Early Stage Psychosis Index (STEPI) on the website of the Mental Health Resources Library. [35] X Research Source
- The Psych Central website also has an online screening test. [36] X Research Source
- Your doctor can also help you rule out other possible causes for your symptoms, like an injury or other illness.
Identifying Persons At Risk
- Discuss your family medical history with your doctor or mental health professional.
- If you have twins or both parents have been diagnosed with schizophrenia, your risk is 40-65% higher.
- However, about 60% of people diagnosed with schizophrenia have no close relatives with schizophrenia.
- If another family member or yourself has a disorder similar to schizophrenia, such as delusional disorder, you are at higher risk for schizophrenia. [41] X Research Source
- The lack of oxygen during birth also makes babies more susceptible to schizophrenia. [43] X Research Source
- Babies born in regions where there is a famine are more than twice as likely to develop the disease, perhaps because women do not get enough nutrients during pregnancy. [44] X Research Source
- It is thought that this is probably because the older a man gets, the more likely his sperm is to mutate. [46] X Research Source
Advice
- Write down all of your symptoms, and ask a friend or family member to observe any changes in your behavior.
- Be honest with your doctor about your symptoms. It is important that you share all of your symptoms and experiences with them. Doctors and mental health professionals are not there to judge you, their job is to help you.
- Remember that many social and cultural factors contribute to the way we perceive schizophrenia. Before you see a psychiatrist, you should do more research on your mental health diagnosis history and stylized treatment for schizophrenia.
Warning
- Do not self-manage your symptoms with drugs, alcohol, or drugs. This aggravates the situation and has the potential to harm or kill you.
- This article is for medical information only and is not intended to diagnose or treat disease. You cannot diagnose schizophrenia on your own, as it is a serious medical problem that requires professional diagnosis and treatment.
- Like any other disease, the earlier you diagnose and seek treatment, the better your chances of a cure.
- There is no one-size-fits-all “cure” for schizophrenia, and you need to be wary of treatments or people who try to convince you that they can “cure” you. if they guarantee the disease will be easily cured. [47] X Research Source Luhrmann, TM (2012). Beyond the brain: in the 1990s, scientists declared that schizophrenia and other psychiatric illnesses were pure brain disorders that would eventually yield to drugs. now they are identifying that social factors are among the causes, and must be part of the cure. The Wilson Quarterly, (3).
This article was co-written by Trudi Griffin, LPC, MS. Trudi Griffin is a licensed professional counselor in Wisconsin. She received her MS in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Marquette University in 2011.
There are 41 references cited in this article that you can view at the bottom of the page.
This article has been viewed 22,632 times.
The diagnosis of schizophrenia is a complex clinical process that has previously been the subject of much controversy. You cannot diagnose schizophrenia on your own, but must consult a clinical professional such as a psychiatrist or clinical psychologist. Only a mental health professional can accurately diagnose schizophrenia. However, if you suspect you have schizophrenia, there are some features that can help you get a better look at schizophrenia and determine if you are at risk.
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