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How to Read Blood Test Results

February 19, 2024 by admin Category: How To

You are viewing the article How to Read Blood Test Results  at Tnhelearning.edu.vn you can quickly access the necessary information in the table of contents of the article below.

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This article was co-written by Mandpin S. Ziadie, MD. Dr. Ziadie is a licensed South Florida pathologist specializing in pathology and clinical practice. She earned her medical degree from the University of Miami School of Medicine in 2004 and completed her study in Pediatric Pathology at Children’s Medical Center in 2010.

There are 8 references cited in this article that you can see at the bottom of the page.

This article has been viewed 10,086 times.

Almost anyone will have their blood drawn and analyzed in a laboratory by a medical professional at some point in their life. The most common form of blood test is a complete blood count or CBC. This test measures every cell and different components in the blood, such as red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), platelets, and hemoglobin (hemoglobin – Hb). [1] X Research Resources Other things may be added to a CBC test, such as a test related to chpesterp levels or blood sugar. To understand health indicators and become less dependent on doctors, learning how to read blood test results is not a bad idea. Be sure to return to your doctor to discuss further test results as needed.

Table of Contents

  • Steps
    • Understanding the Basic CBC Test
    • Understanding Other Tests and Records
  • Advice
  • Warning

Steps

Understanding the Basic CBC Test

Image titled Read Blood Test Results Step 1

Image titled Read Blood Test Results Step 1

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Understand how all test results are formatted and presented. All blood test results, including CBC and others, must include some basic information such as: your name and medical code, date of completion and printing of results, name of the test, laboratory and the doctor ordered, the actual results, the normal values of the tested numbers, the abnormal parameters (highlighted) and of course, lots of acronyms and units of measure. [2] X Research Sources To those outside of the healthcare field, every blood test result can seem the same and confusing. However, let’s take some time and define all of these basics, how they are arranged between rows and columns.

  • Once you are familiar with the presentation of test results, you can quickly skim and spot any abnormalities (if any) highlighted. Usually, too low is represented by the letter “L” and “H” is used for too high.
  • You don’t have to remember the normal values of any measurement components because they are always included in the test results for reference.
Image titled Read Blood Test Results Step 2

Image titled Read Blood Test Results Step 2

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Distinguish between normal blood cells and what an abnormal result may show. As shown above, the main cells in the blood include red blood cells and white blood cells. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen to every tissue in the body. White blood cells are part of the immune system and are responsible for destroying disease-causing microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites. [3] X Research Source Low red blood cell count can be a sign of anemia (leading to insufficient oxygen supply to the body), too many red blood cells (erythrocytosis syndrome) can be a sign of kidney disease. bone marrow. [4] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to the Source Low white blood cell count (leukopenia) can also be a sign of a bone marrow problem or a side effect of taking medications, especially chemotherapy. On the other hand, a high white blood cell count (leukocytosis) usually indicates that the body is fighting an infection. Some medications, especially steroids, can increase the number of white blood cells in the blood.

  • Normal red blood cell count is not the same in men and women. Men usually have 20-25% more red blood cells because they are usually larger with more muscle tissue and therefore need more oxygen than women.
  • HCT – red blood cell volume (percentage of red blood cell volume to blood volume) and MCV (mean red blood cell volume) are two measures of red blood cells and, in general, they are both higher in men because they need more oxygen.
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Image titled Read Blood Test Results Step 3

Image titled Read Blood Test Results Step 3

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Identify the function of other basic components in the blood. The two components that have been mentioned in the CBC test are platelets and hemoglobin. As noted above, hemoglobin is the iron-based molecule that transports oxygen from the lungs through the circulatory system, while platelets are part of the body’s clotting system, helping to prevent excessive blood loss. often injured. [5] X Research Source Insufficient hemoglobin (due to iron deficiency or a bone marrow problem) leads to anemia. A low platelet count (thrombocytopenia syndrome) can be a sign of a bone marrow problem or serious infection.

  • The concentration of red blood cells and hemoglobin is closely related because hemoglobin is a molecule located in red blood cells. However, there are also cases of malformed red blood cells that do not contain hemoglobin (sickle cell anemia).
  • Many compounds have a “thinning” effect on the blood, meaning they inhibit platelet adhesion and prevent blood from clotting. Common compounds include: alcohol, many medications (ibuprofen, aspirin, heparin), garlic, and parsley.
  • The CBC also includes testing for eosinophils (Eos), polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), mean hemoglobin (MCH), mean erythrocyte volume (MCV) and ratio mean hemoglobin in red blood cells (MCHC).

Understanding Other Tests and Records

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Image titled Read Blood Test Results Step 4

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Understand what a lipid profile is. Lipid profiles are a group of more specialized tests that aid in diagnosing the risk of cardiovascular disease, such as atherosclerosis, heart attack, and stroke. [6] X Source of Study The physician will examine the results of the lipid profile before determining the need for a chpesterp-lowering modifier. A typical lipid profile includes a test for total cholesterol (including all lipoproteins present in the blood), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol – HDL (“good” type), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol – LDL (“bad” type), and triglycerides, fats that are normally stored in fat cells. Having a total cholesterol of less than 200 mg/dL and a good HDL-to-LDL ratio (closer to 1:2) is necessary to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

  • HDL separates excess cholesterol from the blood and transfers it to the liver for reuse. The desired HDL level is above 50 mg/dL (ideally: above 60 mg/dL). [7] X Study Source HDL is the only indicator you would expect to get a high value in this blood test group.
  • When injured or inflamed, LDL carries excess cholesterol into the blood vessel walls and, as a result, can lead to atherosclerosis (blocking of the arteries). The desired LDL level is less than 130 mg/dL (ideal: less than 100 mg/dL).
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Image titled Read Blood Test Results Step 5

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Know what a blood sugar test means. A blood glucose test, which measures the amount of glucose circulating in the blood, is usually done after fasting for at least 8 hours. [8] X Research Sources This test is usually ordered when diabetes is suspected (type 1 or 2, or gestational diabetes). Diabetes occurs when the pancreas doesn’t produce enough of the hormone insulin (which moves glucose out of the blood) and/or the body’s cells don’t accept the glucose delivered by insulin as it should. As a result, people with diabetes have chronically high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia syndrome), often greater than 125 mg/dL. [9] X Research Source

  • People at high risk for diabetes (“pre-diabetes”) typically have blood glucose levels between 100-125 mg/dL.
  • Other causes of high blood glucose levels include: severe stress, chronic kidney disease, hyperthyroidism, inflammation or pancreatic cancer.
  • Not enough glucose in the blood (less than 70 mg/dL) is called hypoglycemia and is the result of taking too much insulin, alcoholism, and impaired function (liver, kidney, heart).
  • Image titled Read Blood Test Results Step 6

    Image titled Read Blood Test Results Step 6

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    Learn about CMP. It’s a comprehensive metabolic panel that measures many other components in the blood, such as electrolytes (charged molecules, typically mineral salts), other minerals, proteins, creatinine, liver enzymes, and glucose . [10] X Research Source It is used to determine the general health status, but also indicates the status of the kidneys, liver, pancreas, electrolyte levels (required for normal nerve transmission and contractions). muscle relaxants) as well as acid/base balance. A CMP is often ordered along with a CBC as part of a comprehensive blood test of a routine medical or wellness checkup.

    • Sodium is an essential electrolyte for the circulation of fluids in the body. It allows nerve cells as well as muscles to function properly. However, too much sodium can lead to high blood pressure (high blood pressure) and increase the risk of a heart attack. Normal levels are in the 136-144 mEq/L range. Other electrolytes such as potassium may be included in this section.
    • Liver enzymes (ALT and AST) are elevated in the blood when the liver is inflamed or damaged — often the result of too much alcohol and/or drugs (prescription, over-the-counter, and unauthorized) or infection, such as such as hepatitis. Bilirubin, albumin and total protein may be included in this section.
    • If your blood creatinine and urea nitrogen (BUN) levels are too high, you may have a kidney problem. BUN should be at 7-29 mg/dL while for creatinine it should be between 0.8-1.4 mg/dL.
    • Other components in CMP include albumin, chloride, potassium, calcium, total protein, and bilirubin. High or low levels of these ingredients can be a sign of disease.
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  • Advice

    • Remember that many factors can affect blood test results (age, gender, stress, altitude/climate where you live). So, until you talk to your doctor, don’t jump to conclusions.
    • You can learn any unit of measurement if you want, but this is not strictly necessary because it is the comparison of the metrics with their normal values that is important.

    Warning

    • Understanding what your blood test results mean when compared to normal values is important to help you decipher them, but only a healthcare professional is qualified to interpret and base them on. , make accurate diagnoses.
    X

    This article was co-written by Mandpin S. Ziadie, MD. Dr. Ziadie is a licensed South Florida pathologist specializing in pathology and clinical practice. She earned her medical degree from the University of Miami School of Medicine in 2004 and completed her study in Pediatric Pathology at Children’s Medical Center in 2010.

    There are 8 references cited in this article that you can see at the bottom of the page.

    This article has been viewed 10,086 times.

    Almost anyone will have their blood drawn and analyzed in a laboratory by a medical professional at some point in their life. The most common form of blood test is a complete blood count or CBC. This test measures every cell and different components in the blood, such as red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), platelets, and hemoglobin (hemoglobin – Hb). [1] X Research Resources Other things may be added to a CBC test, such as a test related to chpesterp levels or blood sugar. To understand health indicators and become less dependent on doctors, learning how to read blood test results is not a bad idea. Be sure to return to your doctor to discuss further test results as needed.

    Thank you for reading this post How to Read Blood Test Results at Tnhelearning.edu.vn You can comment, see more related articles below and hope to help you with interesting information.

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