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This article was co-written by Erik Kramer, DO, MPH. Dr. Kramer is a primary care physician at the University of Cporado, specializing in weight management, diabetes, and internal medicine. He received his DO degree from Touro University College of Osteopathic Medicine in 2012.
There are 10 references cited in this article that you can view at the bottom of the page.
This article has been viewed 4,208 times.
While CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) should be performed by someone who has received licensed training in first aid, bystanders can still make a vital difference when cardiopulmonary arrest occurs. in children. For infants under one year of age, infant CPR steps should be followed. For adults, you also need to follow separate CPR steps. Basic CPR involves chest compressions, opening the airway, and resuscitation (breathing). If you have no formal training in CPR, you should only perform chest compressions.
Steps
Situational assessment
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Inspect the scene for hazards. If you find a child unconscious, you need to quickly check, making sure that there is no danger to yourself when choosing to help them. Some car is smoking? Gas furnace? Is there a fire? Wires falling down? If anything exists that could put you or the victim at risk, consider what you can do to deal with it. Open a window, turn off the stove or put out the fire if possible.
- However, if nothing can be done to reduce the danger, move the victim. The best way to move is to place a blanket or coat under the victim’s back and then pull it away.
- If there is a possibility of spinal cord injury, the casualty should be moved by two persons to prevent any rotation of the head and neck. [1] X Research Source
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Children’s cognitive testing. Shake or smack them on the shoulder and say loudly, clearly: “Are you okay? Are you okay?”. If there is a reaction, they are still conscious. Maybe they’re just sleeping, or maybe they’re already in a coma. If it is still an emergency, such as: the child has trouble breathing or seems to be fading between consciousness and unconsciousness, call for help and initiate first aid and preventive measures. and handle shock.
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Check the victim’s pulse. If the child is unresponsive, the first thing to do is check their pulse. [2] X Research Source In this case, you need to do CPR immediately. Do not test the circuit for longer than 10 seconds. If the victim has no pulse, their heart is currently not working and you need to perform chest compressions. [3] X Research Sources
- To check the neck (carotid) pulse, feel the pulse on one side of the casualty’s neck, the side closest to you, by placing the tips of your index and middle fingers on one side of the pharynx (remember, the pharynx is usually not visible). evident in females and may not even be apparent in prepubertal boys).
- To check the wrist pulse (radial artery), place the tips of the index and middle fingers on the victim’s wrist, facing the thumb.
- Other vascular sites include the groin and ankle. To check the inguinal pulse (femoral artery), press the tips of the index and middle fingers into the mid-inguinal position. To check the ankle pulse (posterior tibial artery), place your finger on the medial part of the ankle.
Understand the importance of quick response. When you see someone in cardiac arrest or breathing, quick response, CPR and CPR can save their life. The victim’s chance of survival is significantly higher with CPR first aid before the ambulance arrives. [4] X Source of Research The ability to react quickly by performing CPR, the first aid method that helps bring oxygenated blood to the brain, is essential.
- If a person has a pulse but is not breathing, perform only rescue breaths, not chest compressions.
- The normal human brain can withstand 4 minutes without oxygen before suffering permanent damage.
- If the brain is deprived of oxygen for four to six minutes, the risk of brain damage increases.
- If the brain is deprived of oxygen for six to eight minutes, brain damage is almost certain.
- Without oxygen for 10 minutes, brain death is almost certain. [5] X Research Sources
Performing CPR
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Perform CPR for two minutes. Once you’ve quickly assessed the situation and checked the victim’s awareness and circulation, it’s time to act quickly. If there is no pulse, you must perform CPR immediately, hold for two minutes (including about 5 rounds of CPR) and then, call Emergency Medical Services. [6] X Research Source If you are alone, it is extremely important to do CPR before calling for help.
- If anyone else is there, ask them to call for help. If alone, do not call for help until two minutes of CPR have been completed. [7] X Research Sources
- Dial the local emergency number. Call 911 if in Vietnam, 911 if in the US, 000 if in Australia, 111 if in New Zealand, 112 on mobile if in Europe (including UK) and 999 if in the UK.
- If possible, in case the building or nearby has an AED (Automated External Defibrillator), have someone else pick it up.
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Remember the CAB principle. CAB is the basic process of CPR. It stands for Chest Compression, Airway, Breathing. In 2010, this new procedure was recommended, in which chest compressions are preceded by opening the airway and giving breaths. Chest compressions play a more pivotal role in correcting abnormal heart rhythms (ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia) and because it only takes 18 seconds to complete 30 chest compressions, opening the airway and giving breaths will help. not be delayed too long. [8] X Research Sources
- Chest compressions or hand-only CPR are recommended if you are not properly trained or are concerned about performing CPR on strangers. [9] X Trusted Source National Health Service (UK) Go to Source
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Place your hands in the position of preparing for chest compressions. When performing CPR on children, the position of the hands is especially important because children are more vulnerable than adults. Position the baby’s sternum by moving two fingers to the bottom of the ribcage. Locate the intersection of the lower ribs, located in the middle. Place the palm of your other hand on your fingers. Only do chest compressions with this palm. [10] X Research Source
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Do 30 presses. Compress chest with elbows fixed by pressing straight down to a depth of about 5 cm. Children’s small bodies need less pressure than adults. If you start to hear or feel a snap, it could be a sign that you’re pressing too hard. Continue with less force on subsequent compressions. [11] X Source of Study Perform 30 chest compressions at a rate of at least 100 compressions per minute if you are the only rescuer on the scene.
- Allow the chest to bounce back completely after each compression. [12] X Research Source
- During chest compressions, minimize pauses that come from changing performers or preparing for shock. Try to limit yourself to a 10-second interval.
- In the case of two people working together, each person should complete a round of 15 chest compressions.
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Make sure the airway is clear. Place one hand on the victim’s forehead, two fingers on their chin. Gently use this finger or finger to lift the baby’s chin while carefully pushing the forehead down with the other hand. If a neck injury is suspected, gently pull your jaw up instead of lifting your chin. [13] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source Once you’re done, you should watch, listen, and feel the breath.
- Place your ear near the victim’s mouth and nose, listening carefully for any vital signs.
- Watch for chest movement and feel for any breaths with your cheeks. [14] X Research Source
- If there are no signs of life, place a protective mask (if applicable) over the victim’s mouth.
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Perform two breaths. Keeping the airway open, use the finger that is placed on the forehead to cover the victim’s nose. Cover the victim’s mouth with your mouth and exhale for about a second. Make sure you breathe slowly, thereby allowing air to enter the lungs instead of the stomach. Also, don’t forget to observe the person’s chest.
- As the qi comes in, you should feel your chest rise a little and at the same time, feel the qi go out. If air has entered, perform rescue breaths again. [15] X Research Source
- If gas does not enter, reposition the casualty and try again. [16] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source If air still does not come in, victim may be choking. In this case, you need extra chest compressions. Remember that abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) should only be performed while the victim is awake.
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Repeat the cycle of 30 chest compressions and two rescue breaths. You should perform CPR for two minutes (five compressions and breaths) before checking vital signs, pulse, or breathing. Continue CPR until someone replaces you, paramedics arrive, you are too tired to continue, the AED is attached, charged, and the operator asks you to leave the victim’s body , pulse or breathing has returned. [17] X Research Source
- Don’t forget to call 911 after the first two minutes of CPR.
- After calling, keep performing CPR until they arrive.
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Use AEDs. If an AED device is available, turn it on, placing pads as directed (one on the right breast and one on the left side). Let the AED analyze the pulse and, if indicated, after allowing everyone to leave the casualty (squeal: “OUT!”), administer an electric shock. Continue chest compressions for 5 rounds immediately after each shock, before reassessing. [18] X Research Sources
- If the casualty begins to breathe, gently return them to the resuscitation position.
Advice
- Always call Emergency Medical Services.
- If needed, you can get instructions on the correct CPR technique from your emergency services coordinator.
- If you have to move, try to minimize the impact on the victim’s body.
- Take a formal training course offered by a qualified organization in your area. Being trained by an experienced instructor is the best way to prepare for an emergency.
- If you can’t or don’t want to give rescue breaths, do chest compressions only. It will still assist the victim in recovering from cardiopulmonary arrest.
- Don’t forget to place your hand in the middle of the sternum, across the top of the chest.
Warning
- Do not move the casualty unless there is a permanent danger or the victim is in a life-threatening location.
- Remember that CPR is different for adults, children, and infants. This CPR guide is for children.
- Always wear gloves and use a respirator if possible to reduce the risk of transmission.
- Don’t forget to study the scene for hazards before performing CPR.
- If the casualty is breathing normally, coughing or moving, do not apply chest compressions . Doing so can cause the heart to stop beating. [19] X Research Source
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This article was co-written by Erik Kramer, DO, MPH. Dr. Kramer is a primary care physician at the University of Cporado, specializing in weight management, diabetes, and internal medicine. He received his DO degree from Touro University College of Osteopathic Medicine in 2012.
There are 10 references cited in this article that you can view at the bottom of the page.
This article has been viewed 4,208 times.
While CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) should be performed by someone who has received licensed training in first aid, bystanders can still make a vital difference when cardiopulmonary arrest occurs. in children. For infants under one year of age, infant CPR steps should be followed. For adults, you also need to follow separate CPR steps. Basic CPR involves chest compressions, opening the airway, and resuscitation (breathing). If you have no formal training in CPR, you should only perform chest compressions.
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