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Learning how to inject intramuscularly may be essential if you or a loved one has an illness that requires injections. Your doctor will decide this when he or she examines you, and the medical staff will also instruct you on how to inject the medicine into your muscle. You have to follow their instructions and ask them for technical guidance.
Steps
Administer intramuscular injection
- Some medications cause initial pain or stinging after injection. Most medications do not cause pain, but it is important for patients to be aware of this to reduce the stress of not knowing.
- Let the alcohol dry in the air for 30 seconds. Do not touch the area until injection, or you will need to clean the area again.
- Sometimes you should distract the patient before the injection by asking some questions about their life. When patients are distracted their muscles tend to relax more.
- Some people want to be positioned so that the injection cannot be seen. Seeing a needle in the body can make them nervous and scared, leading not only to feelings of restlessness but also muscle tension. To help the patient relax you should ask them to look away if desired.
- During practice, you will get used to it and the injection speed will be faster. The faster the needle is inserted, the less painful the patient will be, but you should not trade safety for speed.
- Before injecting you should use your non-dominant hand to pull up the skin around the injection site (because the dominant hand must hold the syringe). Pulling the skin up helps you to accurately mark the target, while reducing patient pain when the needle enters.
- The medication is designed to be injected into a muscle, not a blood vessel, so if you see blood when you pull on the plunger, the needle must be removed and thrown away. Use a new needle and choose a different injection site – do not try to inject in the same site as before.
- This is not a concern as long as you see blood before starting the injection.
- Usually the needle will go right into the muscle, rarely hitting a blood vessel but a safety check is always better than regretting it later.
- Using the 2 x 2 gauze pad gently press on the injection site. [9] X Trusted Source World Health Organization Going to the source Patients can be a little uncomfortable but this is normal. Have the patient hold the swab while you dispose of the needle.
- Ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist about local requirements for the disposal of used syringes and needles.
Learn the basics
- The syringe consists of three main parts: the needle, the reservoir, and the piston. Needle used to puncture the muscle; container graduated in cc (cubic centimeter) or ml (milliliter) with numerals on the side, used for drug storage; The plunger is used to draw the medication in and push it out of the tube. [11] X Research Source
- Intramuscular drugs are measured in cm3 or ml. The amount of drug in one cc is equal to one ml.
- Outer thigh muscle : First you divide the thigh into three equal parts. The middle part is where the medicine can be injected. The thigh is a suitable place for injection because it is easy to see. It is also a suitable injection site for children under three years of age. [12] X Research Source
- Abs-buttocks (hips): To determine the correct position, place your palms on the outer cheeks of the upper thighs, where the buttocks are reached. The thumb points to the groin and the remaining fingers point towards the patient’s head. Separate the first finger from the other three to form a V. You should feel the edge of the bone running along the tips of your little and ring fingers. The injection site is located in the middle of the letter V. The hip is a suitable place to inject drugs for adults and children over seven months of age. [13] X Research Source
- Biceps : Open up the shirt to reveal the biceps completely. Feel for the bone that runs across the top of the biceps. That’s called the scapula. The base of this bone is where the triangular base forms. The top of the triangle is located just below the midpoint of the base and about level with the armpit. The injection site is at the center of the triangle, 2.5 to 5.1cm below the acrosis of the shoulder. The injection should not be given to this site if the patient is very thin or has very little muscle. [14] X Research Source
- Buttock : Exposing one side of the buttocks. Using a cotton ball soaked in alcohol, draw a line from the top of the buttock to one side of the body. Find the midpoint of that line and draw 7.6cm above it. From that point, draw another line down and across the first line, ending around the middle of the buttock. You now have a cross. You should feel an arc bone in the upper outer quadrant. The injection site is located in this quadrant and below that arc bone. Do not inject into this site for infants and children under three years of age because their muscles are not developed enough. [15] X Research Source
- Age. For infants and children 2 years of age and younger, thigh muscles are best. For children three years and older, you can choose the hamstrings or the glottis. You should use a needle size between 22 and 30 (mostly depends on the consistency of the medication – your doctor will tell you which needle size to use). [16] X Research Source
- Note: For very young children, a smaller needle is recommended. Compared to biceps, thigh muscles can accept larger needles. [17] X Trusted Source Immunization Action Coalition Go to source
- Consider the previous injection site. If the patient has just been injected at this site, you should inject at another site, thus avoiding scarring and skin damage. [18] X Research Sources
- Sterilize the mouth of the vial with a cotton swab soaked in alcohol.
- Hold the syringe with the needle pointed up, the vial cap still closed. Draw the plunger to the graduation line corresponding to the amount of drug to be injected to draw air in. [20] X Research Source
- Insert the needle through the rubber cap of the vial and push the plunger in, which will push air into the vial. [21] X Research Source
- With the vial upside down and the needle in the medicine, you pull the plunger back up to the dose you want to inject (or a little over if there are air bubbles). Snap your fingers on the syringe to push the air bubbles to the top, then push them into the vial. Check that there is the correct amount of medicine in the tube. [22] X Research Source
- Remove the needle from the vial. If not using immediately, you must cover the needle grip. [23] X Research Sources
Using the zigzag injection technique
- Do not massage the injection site to avoid the drug leaking out, as well as irritation.
Advice
- It takes time to get used to the way of intramuscular injection, people often feel uncertain and confused at first. Remember that everyone has to practice to become proficient, and you can practice by injecting water into an orange.
- Your doctor or pharmacist can instruct you on how to dispose of the syringe and needle. You must dispose of this waste properly for safety reasons. Do not throw them in the household trash because it is very dangerous.
wikiHow is a “wiki” site, which means that many of the articles here are written by multiple authors. To create this article, 15 people, some of whom are anonymous, have edited and improved the article over time.
This article has been viewed 38,838 times.
Learning how to inject intramuscularly may be essential if you or a loved one has an illness that requires injections. Your doctor will decide this when he or she examines you, and the medical staff will also instruct you on how to inject the medicine into your muscle. You have to follow their instructions and ask them for technical guidance.
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