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How to Inject Intramuscular

February 1, 2024 by admin Category: How To

You are viewing the article How to Inject Intramuscular  at Tnhelearning.edu.vn you can quickly access the necessary information in the table of contents of the article below.

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wikiHow is a “wiki” site, which means that many of the articles here are written by multiple authors. To create this article, 15 people, some of whom are anonymous, have edited and improved the article over time.

This article has been viewed 38,838 times.

Learning how to inject intramuscularly may be essential if you or a loved one has an illness that requires injections. Your doctor will decide this when he or she examines you, and the medical staff will also instruct you on how to inject the medicine into your muscle. You have to follow their instructions and ask them for technical guidance.

Table of Contents

  • Steps
    • Administer intramuscular injection
    • Learn the basics
    • Using the zigzag injection technique
  • Advice

Steps

Administer intramuscular injection

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Image titled Give an Intramuscular Injection Step 1

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Wash your hands before starting the procedure. Good hygiene is important to reduce the risk of infection. Wash your hands with soap and warm water for at least 20 seconds. [1] X Research Source
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Image titled Give an Intramuscular Injection Step 2

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Reassure the patient and explain how the procedure will work. Locate the injection site and describe how it will feel if the patient does not know it. [2] X Trusted Source World Health Organization Go to Source

  • Some medications cause initial pain or stinging after injection. Most medications do not cause pain, but it is important for patients to be aware of this to reduce the stress of not knowing.
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Image titled Give an Intramuscular Injection Step 3

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Sterilize with alcohol-soaked cotton swabs. Before injecting you must sterilize and clean the skin patch on the muscle site to be injected. With that said, this is to reduce the risk of infection caused by the injection. [3] X Research Sources

  • Let the alcohol dry in the air for 30 seconds. Do not touch the area until injection, or you will need to clean the area again.
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Image titled Give an Intramuscular Injection Step 4

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Encourage the patient to relax. [4] X Trusted Source World Health Organization Go to the source Patients will experience pain if the muscle receiving the medication is tense, so they need to relax as much as possible to make sure they don’t get too much pain during the injection.

  • Sometimes you should distract the patient before the injection by asking some questions about their life. When patients are distracted their muscles tend to relax more.
  • Some people want to be positioned so that the injection cannot be seen. Seeing a needle in the body can make them nervous and scared, leading not only to feelings of restlessness but also muscle tension. To help the patient relax you should ask them to look away if desired.
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Image titled Give an Intramuscular Injection Step 5

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Insert the needle into the specified position. Start removing the cap and stab it gently at a 90 degree angle to the skin. If you’re learning to inject, don’t insert the needle quickly, as you need to make sure the needle doesn’t go too deep and hit the bone. About a third of the needle is still outside the skin. Be careful not to insert the needle too quickly to prevent misplacement or more skin damage than necessary. [5] X Trusted Source World Health Organization Go to Source

  • During practice, you will get used to it and the injection speed will be faster. The faster the needle is inserted, the less painful the patient will be, but you should not trade safety for speed.
  • Before injecting you should use your non-dominant hand to pull up the skin around the injection site (because the dominant hand must hold the syringe). Pulling the skin up helps you to accurately mark the target, while reducing patient pain when the needle enters.
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Image titled Give an Intramuscular Injection Step 6

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Pull the piston back. After inserting the needle and before injecting the medication, pull the plunger back slightly. This may seem counterintuitive, but it’s important because if blood flows into the syringe when the plunger is pulled, it’s a sign that the needle is right into the blood vessel and not in the muscle. [6] X Research Source You will have to start over with a new needle and syringe if this happens. [7] X Research Sources

  • The medication is designed to be injected into a muscle, not a blood vessel, so if you see blood when you pull on the plunger, the needle must be removed and thrown away. Use a new needle and choose a different injection site – do not try to inject in the same site as before.
  • This is not a concern as long as you see blood before starting the injection.
  • Usually the needle will go right into the muscle, rarely hitting a blood vessel but a safety check is always better than regretting it later.
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Image titled Give an Intramuscular Injection Step 7

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Administer medication slowly. [8] X Trusted Source World Health Organization Go to the source Rapid injections for pain relief are best, but in fact the opposite is true. That’s because the drug needs space in the muscle to fill, and the surrounding tissue will have to dilate to accept the injected fluid. Slow injection is a way to give the muscle time to relax and relieve pain for the patient.
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Image titled Give an Intramuscular Injection Step 8

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Pull the needle out at the same angle as it was inserted. Pull out the needle when you are sure all the medicine has been injected into your body.

  • Using the 2 x 2 gauze pad gently press on the injection site. [9] X Trusted Source World Health Organization Going to the source Patients can be a little uncomfortable but this is normal. Have the patient hold the swab while you dispose of the needle.
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Image titled Give an Intramuscular Injection Step 9

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Dispose of needles properly. Do not dispose of needles in household trash. You should buy a special hard plastic container to store used needles and syringes. You can also use soda cans or other plastic bottles with screw caps. Be sure to use a container that fits the size of the needle and syringe so that the needle does not go through the body of the can. [10] X Research Source

  • Ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist about local requirements for the disposal of used syringes and needles.

Learn the basics

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Image titled Give an Intramuscular Injection Step 10

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Identify the parts of the syringe. Injections are easier if you understand the mechanism behind what you’re doing.

  • The syringe consists of three main parts: the needle, the reservoir, and the piston. Needle used to puncture the muscle; container graduated in cc (cubic centimeter) or ml (milliliter) with numerals on the side, used for drug storage; The plunger is used to draw the medication in and push it out of the tube. [11] X Research Source
  • Intramuscular drugs are measured in cm3 or ml. The amount of drug in one cc is equal to one ml.
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Image titled Give an Intramuscular Injection Step 11

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Know where to inject. The human body has several points of receptivity to drugs.

  • Outer thigh muscle : First you divide the thigh into three equal parts. The middle part is where the medicine can be injected. The thigh is a suitable place for injection because it is easy to see. It is also a suitable injection site for children under three years of age. [12] X Research Source
  • Abs-buttocks (hips): To determine the correct position, place your palms on the outer cheeks of the upper thighs, where the buttocks are reached. The thumb points to the groin and the remaining fingers point towards the patient’s head. Separate the first finger from the other three to form a V. You should feel the edge of the bone running along the tips of your little and ring fingers. The injection site is located in the middle of the letter V. The hip is a suitable place to inject drugs for adults and children over seven months of age. [13] X Research Source
  • Biceps : Open up the shirt to reveal the biceps completely. Feel for the bone that runs across the top of the biceps. That’s called the scapula. The base of this bone is where the triangular base forms. The top of the triangle is located just below the midpoint of the base and about level with the armpit. The injection site is at the center of the triangle, 2.5 to 5.1cm below the acrosis of the shoulder. The injection should not be given to this site if the patient is very thin or has very little muscle. [14] X Research Source
  • Buttock : Exposing one side of the buttocks. Using a cotton ball soaked in alcohol, draw a line from the top of the buttock to one side of the body. Find the midpoint of that line and draw 7.6cm above it. From that point, draw another line down and across the first line, ending around the middle of the buttock. You now have a cross. You should feel an arc bone in the upper outer quadrant. The injection site is located in this quadrant and below that arc bone. Do not inject into this site for infants and children under three years of age because their muscles are not developed enough. [15] X Research Source
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Image titled Give an Intramuscular Injection Step 12

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Know who needs the injection. Each person has a unique site for injection, so you should consider several factors before proceeding:

  • Age. For infants and children 2 years of age and younger, thigh muscles are best. For children three years and older, you can choose the hamstrings or the glottis. You should use a needle size between 22 and 30 (mostly depends on the consistency of the medication – your doctor will tell you which needle size to use). [16] X Research Source
    • Note: For very young children, a smaller needle is recommended. Compared to biceps, thigh muscles can accept larger needles. [17] X Trusted Source Immunization Action Coalition Go to source
  • Consider the previous injection site. If the patient has just been injected at this site, you should inject at another site, thus avoiding scarring and skin damage. [18] X Research Sources
Image titled Give an Intramuscular Injection Step 13

Image titled Give an Intramuscular Injection Step 13

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Know how to inject medication into a syringe. Some syringes come prefilled with medication, sometimes the medication is supplied in a vial and you need to withdraw it. Before withdrawing medicine from the vial, you must make sure that you have taken the correct medicine, that the medicine is not expired, has not changed color or has foreign objects floating inside. [19] X Research Source If it is a new potion, check that the seal is not broken.

  • Sterilize the mouth of the vial with a cotton swab soaked in alcohol.
  • Hold the syringe with the needle pointed up, the vial cap still closed. Draw the plunger to the graduation line corresponding to the amount of drug to be injected to draw air in. [20] X Research Source
  • Insert the needle through the rubber cap of the vial and push the plunger in, which will push air into the vial. [21] X Research Source
  • With the vial upside down and the needle in the medicine, you pull the plunger back up to the dose you want to inject (or a little over if there are air bubbles). Snap your fingers on the syringe to push the air bubbles to the top, then push them into the vial. Check that there is the correct amount of medicine in the tube. [22] X Research Source
  • Remove the needle from the vial. If not using immediately, you must cover the needle grip. [23] X Research Sources
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Using the zigzag injection technique

Image titled Accept Change Step 5

Image titled Accept Change Step 5

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Understand the benefits of the zigzag technique. When injected intramuscularly, the needle action creates a narrow passage between the tissues, and the drug can leak out of the body through this passage. The zigzag injection helps to reduce skin irritation and allows for better absorption because the muscle tissue locks tightly to prevent the drug from leaking out. [24] X Research Source
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Image titled Give an Intramuscular Injection Step 14

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Repeat the steps of washing hands, withdrawing medication, and selecting and cleaning the injection site.
Image titled Give an Intramuscular Injection Step 15

Image titled Give an Intramuscular Injection Step 15

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Stretch the skin 2.5cm towards the non-dominant hand. Hold your hand firmly to keep the skin and underlying tissue in place.
Image titled Give an Intramuscular Injection Step 16

Image titled Give an Intramuscular Injection Step 16

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Use your dominant hand to insert the needle into the muscle layer at a 90-degree angle. Pull the plunger back slightly to check for blood draw in, then push slowly to inject the medication.
Image titled Give an Intramuscular Injection Step 17

Image titled Give an Intramuscular Injection Step 17

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Hold the needle for 10 seconds to give the medicine time to disperse evenly into the muscle tissue.
  • Image titled Give an Intramuscular Injection Step 18

    Image titled Give an Intramuscular Injection Step 18

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    Withdraw the needle smoothly and let go of the stretched skin. The zigzag path will close after the needle is withdrawn so that the medicine cannot leak out. The result is less patient discomfort and less injury at the injection site.

    • Do not massage the injection site to avoid the drug leaking out, as well as irritation.
  • Advice

    • It takes time to get used to the way of intramuscular injection, people often feel uncertain and confused at first. Remember that everyone has to practice to become proficient, and you can practice by injecting water into an orange.
    • Your doctor or pharmacist can instruct you on how to dispose of the syringe and needle. You must dispose of this waste properly for safety reasons. Do not throw them in the household trash because it is very dangerous.
    X

    wikiHow is a “wiki” site, which means that many of the articles here are written by multiple authors. To create this article, 15 people, some of whom are anonymous, have edited and improved the article over time.

    This article has been viewed 38,838 times.

    Learning how to inject intramuscularly may be essential if you or a loved one has an illness that requires injections. Your doctor will decide this when he or she examines you, and the medical staff will also instruct you on how to inject the medicine into your muscle. You have to follow their instructions and ask them for technical guidance.

    Thank you for reading this post How to Inject Intramuscular at Tnhelearning.edu.vn You can comment, see more related articles below and hope to help you with interesting information.

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