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Hatching chicken eggs is an extremely rewarding experience, which requires good planning, dedication, flexibility and observational skills. Eggs have an incubation period of about 21 days and can be incubated using a specialized poultry incubator under carefully monitored temperature and humidity conditions, or incubated by hens. Read the instructions below to learn how to incubate chicken eggs using both methods.
Steps
Choosing Eggs and Incubation Methods
- The chicken eggs you see at the grocery store are not breeder eggs and cannot be hatched into chicks.
- For disease prevention and for health reasons, it’s best to buy eggs from a single source.
- If you are looking for a precious or special breed of chicken, you will probably have to go to a specialized hatchery.
- On average, eggs that are not transported far away will have about an 80% chance of hatching, while the hatching chance of eggs delivered remotely is only about 50%. [1] X Research Source
- However, if the eggs are bumped or shaken vigorously during delivery, it is possible that all will not hatch even if you follow all the necessary procedures.
- Discard eggs that are too large or too small, or unusually shaped. Large eggs are more difficult to hatch, and small eggs produce very small chicks.
- Discard eggs with thin or cracked shells. Such eggs are unlikely to provide the necessary moisture for the normal development of chicks. Thin or cracked eggshells also allow bacteria or pathogens to enter.
- You need to understand that there is no normal way to tell if an egg is a rooster or a hen until it has hatched chicks. Although the ratio of cocks to hens is usually 50:50, you can also unfortunately hatch 7 roosters out of 8 eggs, which will make it difficult to have a nice flock of chickens. [1] X Research Source
- If you’re planning on keeping all your roosters, there are a few things you need to consider, for example you need to make sure there’s enough space in the coop so the hens won’t get injured by the roosters. . Such hens may have their head and back feathers stripped, their crests injured, or worse, can be punctured by a cock’s spur. In addition, if there are many roosters, they will fight for the hens.
- It is generally advisable to keep a ratio of one rooster to about 10 hens. This is also a good ratio if you want your chickens to lay eggs.
- Incubators are cages that are controlled for temperature, humidity and adequate ventilation. With the incubator, you are the only one responsible for the eggs. You are responsible for preparing the incubator, monitoring the temperature, humidity and ventilation in the incubator, and turning the eggs during incubation. Small incubators can be purchased, but you can also make your own. If you buy an oven, read the specifications and instructions that come with it.
- The hen can be used to incubate eggs, although she does not lay those eggs. This is great, a natural choice for hatching eggs. Make sure you choose the right breed of brooder, brooding breeds include Fluffy Chicken, Trident, Yellow Rooster and Curry Chicken. [1] X Research Source
- Advantages of the incubator: Using an incubator is a good option if you do not have hens or this is your first time incubating eggs. The incubator allows you to control the incubation process. It is also the best choice for incubating a large number of eggs.
- Disadvantages of Incubators: The main drawback of incubating eggs with an oven is that the incubation process must be completely dependent on a reliable power source. If you experience a sudden power cut or someone accidentally unplugs the incubator, it can adversely affect the eggs, even causing the chicks to die in the eggs. If you do not already have an incubator, you will have to purchase one which, depending on the size and quality, can be very expensive.
- Advantages of incubating hens: Using hens to incubate eggs is a practical and natural choice. With a brooding hen, you won’t have to worry about a sudden power outage ruining your eggs. No need to worry about correct temperature or humidity. Once the eggs have hatched, the incubator will become the mother hen to take care of the chicks. A beautiful sight!
- Cons of brooding hens: The hen you choose may not be ready to hatch when you need it and there’s no way to force it, so you may have to time it right. You will need to invest in additional “brooders” to protect the hens from overcrowding or possible damage to the eggs. This can add to the cost of incubation. In addition, a hen can only incubate a small number of eggs in a litter. Large chickens can incubate 10-12 eggs, depending on the size of eggs, while small chickens can only incubate 6-7 eggs. [1] X Research Source
Using the Incubator
- Plug the incubator into a stable power source, and make sure that the plug will not easily fall out of the socket.
- Keep the incubator out of reach of children and pets such as dogs and cats.
- Usually, the best place to place the incubator is on a flat surface that cannot be knocked over or stepped on, and has a relatively stable temperature, away from ventilation and direct sunlight.
- Use the included thermometer to check the temperature inside the incubator. You need to do this often during the 24 hours before you incubate the egg, to make sure it will keep the right temperature.
- Temperature: Eggs should be incubated between 37.2 and 38.8 degrees Celsius (37.5 is ideal). Avoid outside temperatures of 36–39 °C. If the temperature remains too high or too low for several days, the hatchability of the eggs can be severely reduced. [2] X Research Source
- Humidity: Humidity in the incubator should be maintained at 50-65% (60% is ideal). Moisture is supplied from a tray of water below the egg tray. You can use a wet bulb thermometer or hygrometer to measure humidity. [2] X Research Source
- Warm the eggs to room temperature. Warmed eggs will reduce the amount of heat and the time it takes to heat up in the incubator after you put the eggs in.
- Carefully place the eggs in the incubator. Be sure to lay the egg on its side, with the larger end of the egg slightly above the smaller end. This is important because if the small head is higher, the embryo can be misaligned or difficult to develop and when the chicks are about to hatch, it will be difficult to break the eggshell. [1] X Research Source
- Do not increase the temperature to compensate for the temperature difference, or you may damage the egg embryo.
- When turning eggs by hand, your hands need to be washed and wiped clean before handling to avoid contaminating the surface of the egg with bacteria and oil.
- Continue flipping the eggs until day 18, then stop to let the chicks position themselves for their hatching process.
- Add water in the water tray regularly to prevent the humidity from getting too low. Always add warm water.
- Put a sponge in the water tray if you want to add more moisture.
- Measure the humidity in the incubator with a wet bulb thermometer. Read and simultaneously record the temperature in the incubator at that time. Consult a chart in a book or online to find the moisture relationship between wet and dry bulb.
- Get an aluminum can or box that can fit a light bulb.
- Cut a small hole in the top of the can (box) so that the hole diameter is smaller than the egg.
- Light on.
- Take a hatching egg and bring it to the front of the hole. If the light through the egg is clear, the embryo may not have developed or the egg is not fertilized. You will see a dark spot if the embryo is developing. The closer to the hatching date, the larger the embryo will be.
- Remove eggs that do not have a normally developing embryo from the incubator.
- Line a cloth under the egg tray before the eggs hatch. The fabric will help pick up the falling eggshells and other things that fall off when the eggs hatch.
- Increase the humidity in the incubator by adding water or placing a sponge in the tray.
- Close the incubator until the chicks have hatched.
Using Hatching Hens
- There are many other breeds of chickens that also incubate eggs, but remember that if a chicken can incubate eggs, it certainly knows how to raise chicks. For example, some chicken breeds have incubators but do not stay in the nest regularly, so only a few eggs hatch.
- Some hens are startled when the eggs hatch, and she may peck the chicks or abandon them. If you find a chicken that can both incubate and raise children, you are the winner!
- If you don’t trust your chicken yet, before you put the breeding eggs in the nest, try to see if it stays near the nest all day. You can order golf balls or unfertilized eggs – eggs you are willing to throw away. You will not be able to use a chicken that leaves the nest while incubating.
- The incubator should be at least a quiet, dark, low litter and isolated spot from the flock, free of bugs or lice, and away from potential predators.
- Leave space for the hens to leave the nest to eat, drink and walk.
- Place eggs in the nest in the evening to avoid agitating the hen and to avoid causing the hen to abandon the nest.
- You don’t need to worry about which way the eggs are arranged. The mother hen will turn them over many times during incubation.
- However, you will not want to have health and safety problems if a cancerous egg breaks. Ideally, you should screen all eggs at once on the 7th and 10th day of incubation. If you find a cancerous or embryoless egg, discard it immediately.
- During the last week of incubation, the hen will probably stay in the nest at all times without turning or turning the eggs. This is completely natural, so just ignore it.
Advice
- Make sure the watering tray is high enough that the chicks won’t fall in and low enough that the chicks can drink the water.
- When turning eggs by hand every day be careful. Egg shells are very brittle and break easily.
- Have water and feed ready when the chicks hatch.
- If the chicks haven’t eaten in 2-3 days after hatching, that’s okay; they get their energy stored from the yolks they eat in their eggs.
Things you need
- Incubator
- Eggs have been fertilized
- Universal thermometer
- Moisture meter
- or
- Brooder
- Incubation area
wikiHow is a “wiki” site, which means that many of the articles here are written by multiple authors. To create this article, 25 people, some of whom are anonymous, have edited and improved the article over time.
This article has been viewed 28,007 times.
Hatching chicken eggs is an extremely rewarding experience, which requires good planning, dedication, flexibility and observational skills. Eggs have an incubation period of about 21 days and can be incubated using a specialized poultry incubator under carefully monitored temperature and humidity conditions, or incubated by hens. Read the instructions below to learn how to incubate chicken eggs using both methods.
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