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This article was co-written by Erik Kramer, DO, MPH. Dr. Kramer is a primary care physician at the University of Cporado, specializing in weight management, diabetes, and internal medicine. He received his DO degree from Touro University College of Osteopathic Medicine in 2012.
There are 7 references cited in this article that you can see at the bottom of the page.
This article has been viewed 21,026 times.
Sodium is an essential electrolyte in the body. It helps regulate blood pressure and is necessary for the functioning of muscles and nerve cells. Hyponatremia, ie low sodium level, is a term used to describe blood sodium levels lower than 135 mmp/L on the basal metabolic panel. Common causes of low sodium levels are burns, diarrhea, profuse sweating, vomiting, and the use of certain medications that increase urine output, such as diuretics. [1] X Source of Research If not treated properly, hyponatremia can cause muscle weakness, headaches, hallucinations, and even death. [2] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source Call your doctor if you have symptoms of hyponatremia, or go to the emergency room if severe symptoms develop. A simple change in your medication or treatment for an underlying problem can help raise your blood sodium levels.
Steps
Seek medical attention for symptoms of hyponatremia
- Have kidney disease, heart disease or cirrhosis of the liver
- Advanced age, such as over 65 years old
- Participating in intense physical activity, such as triathlons, marathons, and super-marathons
- Are taking certain medications, such as antidepressants, diuretics (blood pressure medications), and some pain relievers
- Nausea
- Headache
- Cramp
- Weakness
- Nausea and vomiting
- Confusion
- Convulsion
- Loss of consciousness
- Hyponatremia can be serious, so it’s important to get treatment as soon as it’s suspected.
Treatment of hyponatremia
- Thiazide diuretics
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
- The anti-epileptic drug carbamazepine (Tegretp)
- The antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
- The diuretic indapamide (Natrilex)
- Theophylline bronchodilator
- The antiarrhythmic drug amiodarone (Cordarone)
- Ecstasy (MDMA) [8] X Trusted Source American Academy of Family Physicians Go to Source
- Kidney disease
- Heart disease
- Cirrhosis
- Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
- Hypothyroidism
- Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar level)
- Severe burns
- Digestive diseases that cause diarrhea and vomiting [10] X Trusted Source American Academy of Family Physicians Go to source
- Tpvaptan (Samsca) is a commonly used medication to treat hyponatremia. You need to tell your doctor about any other medications you are taking and follow his or her instructions. If you are taking Tpvaptan, you should check with your nephrologist to make sure your sodium levels are not too high. [12] X Trusted Source MedlinePlus Go to Source
- Sepsis or sepsis can cause a serious drop in sodium levels.
Balance fluid intake and discharge
- Limiting water intake is usually only applied if you have been diagnosed with hyponatremia due to syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH).
- Feeling thirsty and the appearance of urine is an indicator of whether you are drinking enough water or not. If your urine is light yellow and you are not thirsty, then your body is well hydrated. [15] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
- Sports drinks contain electrolytes needed by the body, such as sodium and potassium.
- Thiazide diuretics are known to cause hyponatremia. [17] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
Advice
- Follow your doctor’s recommendations for sodium in your diet. Don’t increase your sodium intake too much to increase blood sodium levels.
This article was co-written by Erik Kramer, DO, MPH. Dr. Kramer is a primary care physician at the University of Cporado, specializing in weight management, diabetes, and internal medicine. He received his DO degree from Touro University College of Osteopathic Medicine in 2012.
There are 7 references cited in this article that you can see at the bottom of the page.
This article has been viewed 21,026 times.
Sodium is an essential electrolyte in the body. It helps regulate blood pressure and is necessary for the functioning of muscles and nerve cells. Hyponatremia, ie low sodium level, is a term used to describe blood sodium levels lower than 135 mmp/L on the basal metabolic panel. Common causes of low sodium levels are burns, diarrhea, profuse sweating, vomiting, and the use of certain medications that increase urine output, such as diuretics. [1] X Source of Research If not treated properly, hyponatremia can cause muscle weakness, headaches, hallucinations, and even death. [2] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source Call your doctor if you have symptoms of hyponatremia, or go to the emergency room if severe symptoms develop. A simple change in your medication or treatment for an underlying problem can help raise your blood sodium levels.
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