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How to Identify Hives Caused by HIV

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A skin rash is a common symptom of HIV infection. This is the initial sign of most infections and appears within 2-3 weeks of contracting the virus. However, skin rashes can be caused by other, less dangerous factors, such as an allergic reaction or skin problem. If in doubt, you should see your doctor and get an HIV test. That way, you can get the right treatment. [1]

Recognize the symptoms of a rash caused by HIV infection

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Image titled Identify an HIV Rash Step 1

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Watch for signs of red rash, slightly swollen and very itchy skin. The HIV rash usually causes colored spots on the skin, red spots for people with fair skin and dark purple spots for people with dark skin.

  • The severity of the rash will vary from person to person. Some people develop a severe rash that covers a large area of skin, while others have only a small rash. [2]
  • If it is due to antiretroviral drugs, an HIV rash will manifest as red, slightly raised lesions that cover the entire body. This rash is called “erythema erythema”. [3]
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Image titled Identify an HIV Rash Step 2

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Note if the rash appears on the shoulders, chest, face, upper body, and hands. These are the sites where HIV rashes often appear. However, the rash usually goes away on its own after a few weeks. Some people often mistake this for an allergic reaction or eczema. [4]

  • Hives caused by HIV infection are not contagious, so there is no risk of HIV transmission through the rash. [5]
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Image titled Identify an HIV Rash Step 3

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Pay attention to other symptoms that may appear with an HIV rash, including: [6]

  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Mouth pain
  • Fever
  • Diarrhea
  • Muscle pain
  • Spasms and pain
  • Swollen glands
  • Blurred eyes
  • Doesn’t taste good
  • Athritis
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Image titled Identify an HIV Rash Step 4

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Be on the lookout for the causes of an HIV rash. This type of rash occurs due to a decrease in the number of white blood cells in the body. The rash can appear at any stage of HIV infection but is usually 2-3 weeks after contracting the virus. This stage is called seroconversion, when the infection is detectable through a blood test. Some patients may not go through this phase and develop an HIV rash in the later stages of infection. [7]

  • An HIV rash can also be caused by an adverse reaction to anti-HIV medications. Medicines such as Amprenavir, Abacavir, and Nevirapine can cause an HIV rash. [8]
  • In stage 3 of HIV infection, the person may develop a skin rash due to inflammation. This type of rash is characterized by pink, slightly red, and itchy skin. Symptoms can last 1-3 years and usually appear in the groin area, under the arms, chest, face and back.
  • Also, you can get an HIV rash if you have Herpes or are HIV-positive.

Receiving medical care

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Image titled Identify an HIV Rash Step 5

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Get an HIV test if you have a mild rash. If you haven’t been tested for HIV, your doctor will likely run a blood test to see if you have the virus. If the results are negative, your doctor will determine if the rash is caused by an allergic reaction to a food or something else. You may have a skin problem such as eczema (dermatitis).

  • If the test is positive, your doctor will prescribe anti-HIV drugs and treatments. [9]
  • If you are already taking anti-HIV drugs and the rash is mild, your doctor will direct you to continue taking it because the rash usually goes away after 1-3 weeks.
  • To reduce the rash, especially the itching, your doctor may prescribe an antihistamine such as Benadryl or Atarax, or a corticosteroid cream. [10]
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Image titled Identify an HIV Rash Step 6

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Seek immediate medical attention if the rash is severe. A severe rash may appear with other symptoms of a viral infection such as fever, nausea or vomiting, muscle aches, and mouth sores. If you have not been tested for HIV, your doctor will conduct a blood test to see if you have the virus. Based on the test results, the doctor can prescribe anti-HIV drugs and treatment options. [11]
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Image titled Identify an HIV Rash Step 7

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Consult your doctor if symptoms worsen, especially after taking medication. The body can become extremely sensitive to certain medications and HIV symptoms (including a rash) can be severe. Your doctor may advise you to stop taking the medication and offer an alternative medicine. Symptoms of oversensitivity usually disappear after 24-48 hours. [12] There are 3 main classes of anti-HIV drugs that can cause skin rashes: [13]

  • NNRTIs (non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors)
  • NRTIs (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors)
  • PI drug group
  • NNRTIs, such as Nevirapine (Viramune), are the most common cause of drug-induced skin rashes. Abacavir (Ziagen) is an NRTI medicine that can cause a skin rash. PIs such as Amprenavir (Agenerase) and Tipranavir (Aptivus) can cause a skin rash.
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Image titled Identify an HIV Rash Step 8

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Do not take drugs that cause allergic reactions. If your doctor has advised you to stop taking a certain medicine due to an over-sensitivity or an allergic reaction, you should not take that medicine anymore. Otherwise, you increase your risk of a more serious reaction that could make your condition worse. [14]
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Image titled Avoid Aspartame Step 9

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Ask your doctor about an infection that can cause the rash. People with HIV are at high risk for accidental infections due to abnormalities in immune cell function. Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the most common bacteria in HIV-positive people, [15] can lead to impetigo, folliculitis, boils, cellulitis, pressure – car and ulcer. If you have HIV, you should see your doctor to get tested for MRSA. [16] If you have HIV, you may want your doctor to test for MRSA.

Treatment of rashes at home

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Image titled Identify an HIV Rash Step 9

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Apply the cream to the rash area. Your doctor may prescribe allergy medications or medications to help relieve itching and discomfort. You can also buy an over-the-counter antihistamine cream to ease these symptoms. Apply the cream according to the instructions on the package. [17]
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Image titled Identify an HIV Rash Step 10

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Avoid direct sunlight or extreme cold. Both of these factors can trigger an HIV rash and make it worse. [18]

  • If you have to go out, you should apply sunscreen to protect your skin or wear long sleeves, long pants.
  • Wear a jacket and warm clothing when going outside to avoid exposing your skin to extreme cold.
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Image titled Identify an HIV Rash Step 11

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Take a cool shower. Hot water can trigger a rash. Soak in a cool tub or sponge bath to soothe your skin. [19]

  • You can splash warm water on your skin, but don’t rub it in the shower. Apply a natural moisturizer to your skin, such as creams with coconut oil or aloe vera, to help your skin heal immediately after bathing. The top layer of skin is like a sponge, so applying moisturizer after irritating the pores will help keep water inside the skin and prevent dryness. [20]
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Image titled Identify an HIV Rash Step 12

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Use mild soaps or herbal body washes. Soaps contain chemicals that can irritate the skin and make it dry and itchy. Look for mild soaps, such as baby soap, or herbal body washes available at drugstores. [21]

  • Avoid using products containing chemicals such as Petrpatum; Methyl-, Propyl-, Butyl-, Ethylparaben and Propylene Glycp. These are synthetic ingredients that can irritate the skin or cause an allergic reaction. [22]
  • You can make your own herbal body wash with natural moisturizers like olive oil, aloe vera, and almond oil. [23]
  • It is recommended to apply a natural moisturizer to the skin after bathing and throughout the day to keep the skin moist.
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Image titled Identify an HIV Rash Step 13

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Wear clothes made of soft cotton. Clothing made of synthetic fabrics or fibers that prevent your skin from breathing can cause you to sweat and further irritate your skin. [24]

  • Tight clothing can rub against your skin and worsen an HIV rash.
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    Image titled Identify an HIV Rash Step 14

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    Continue to take your antiviral medication. You should let the anti-HIV medication your doctor prescribes work. The drug improves T-cell counts and treats symptoms such as an HIV rash, as long as you don’t have an allergic reaction to the drug. [25]

    • A skin rash is a common symptom of HIV infection. This is the initial sign of most infections and appears within 2-3 weeks of contracting the virus. However, skin rashes can be caused by other, less dangerous factors, such as an allergic reaction or a skin problem. If in doubt, you should see your doctor and get an HIV test. That way, you can get the right treatment. [1]

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