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How to Grow Blueberries

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Before scientists worked out how to grow blueberries in the early 20th century, the only way you could enjoy this delicious fruit was to pick them from the wild bushes. Today, you can easily grow all three major varieties of blueberries in different climates. Blueberries are resistant to most pests and diseases, and can continuously bear fruit in the summer for 20 years. Blueberries are not only easy to grow, but they are also packed with antioxidants, bringing delicious flavor with a beautiful look to your back garden. Follow the steps below to find the right blueberries for your climate and start growing! [1]

Choose Breed

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Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 1

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Choose the blueberry variety you want to grow. There are three main varieties: low canopy, high canopy, and rabbit eye. Blueberry varieties differ in viability in each climate zone and fruiting time. Make sure the cultivar you choose is appropriate for where you live.

  • You’ll probably want to choose a variety with different ripening times, either large (best for fresh eating and desserts) or small (great for muffins and pancakes).
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    Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 1Bullet1

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  • Low-canopy blueberries tolerate cold well and are suitable for areas with a plant hardiness scale of two to six according to the division of the United States Department of Agriculture. This hardy variety has a low canopy close to the ground and is about 15 to 45 cm tall. Low-crushed blueberries produce small, sweet berries.
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    Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 1Bullet2

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  • High-canopy blueberries are best suited to warm climates, i.e. areas with a plant hardiness scale of four to seven according to the United States Department of Agriculture. The tall blueberry is the most common variety and produces large, dark fruit on trees 183 to 244 cm tall.
    Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 1Bullet3

    Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 1Bullet3

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  • Rabbit-eye blueberries grow well in areas on a seven to nine scale and are known for their tolerance to high temperatures and drought. Blueberries are usually smaller than tall varieties and ripen near the end of summer, later than other varieties.
    Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 1Bullet4

    Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 1Bullet4

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Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 2

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Note that each type of blueberry requires a different amount of space. Plant low canopy trees at a distance of 0.6 m from each other, with a high canopy of 1.8 m apart, and about 4.6 m for rabbit eyes. If you don’t have a lot of space to grow blueberries, perhaps you should choose a low- or high-canopy variety. [2]
Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 3

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Prepare for pollination. Blueberry flowers have both stamens and pistils, but not all flowers of this variety can self-pollinate. If you want to be sure that blueberries are pollinated, plant several varieties and space them about 30 meters apart. Doing so will allow bees to fly in and collect nectar between plants and help with cross-pollination. [3]

Creating the Right Conditions

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Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 4

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Choose an area with enough sunlight. Fruit trees need as much light as possible, especially when the fruit is growing.
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Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 5

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Make sure your soil is well drained. Avoid the appearance of shallow, low-lying areas that cause water to accumulate and/or flood. If you don’t have suitable drainage, you can build your own raised garden to grow blueberries.

  • Consider mixing peat moss into the soil to enhance drainage. Although peat moss can absorb 10 to 20 times its dry weight in water, they are harmful to the environment and relatively expensive. There are a number of environmental costs associated with peat moss, including the fuel costs needed to dig drainage ditches, harrow and dry the sludge, and pack and haul it long distances. [4]
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    Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 5Bullet1

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  • However, if you still want to use peat moss, prepare a planting area about 0.75 m in diameter and 0.3 m deep. Take out no more than half of the soil and mix this mass with an equal amount of peat moss. Then mix the moss/soil mixture back into the planting area. [5]
    Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 5Bullet2

    Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 5Bullet2

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  • If you are concerned about the consequences of peat moss, consider building a wooden raised garden instead. Blueberries grow well in raised pots 1 to 1.2 m wide and 20 to 30 cm tall. Make a simple planter box from two 2.5 x 20 cm cedar boards, approximately 245 cm long. Cedars are great for gardening because they don’t deteriorate over time. [6]
    Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 5Bullet3

    Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 5Bullet3

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Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 6

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Check the pH of the soil. Most fruit trees grow best in acidic soils around 5.5 to 6.5 pH. Blueberries require even more acidic soil around 4.09 to 5.0.

  • Your local Department of Agriculture will usually have a soil test kit, carrying bag, and instruction sheet. After adjusting the soil, test the pH again.
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    Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 6Bullet1

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  • If the pH is below 4, add an acid fertilizer or potting mix to the soil to increase the acidity.
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    Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 6Bullet2

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  • If the pH is above 4.5, mix granular sulfur into the soil to lower the pH.
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    Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 6Bullet3

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Growing Blueberries

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Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 7

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Buy large 2 to 3 year old blueberries so you can harvest the berries early. If you start with young trees, they will take several years to bear fruit.

  • To grow blueberries from seed, sow the seeds in a flat, 7.5-cm-deep wooden box containing finely ground moist, moist wormwood. Keep the moisture in the room at a temperature of 15 to 21 degrees Celsius and cover with newspaper.
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    Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 7Bullet1

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  • Seeds will grow into seedlings within a month. Place the plant in a sunny spot and continue to grow it in the vine until it reaches a height of 5 to 7 cm. You can then move the plant into a larger pot or into the garden. [7]
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    Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 7Bullet2

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Plant in early spring. The fruit will ripen in late summer.
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Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 9

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Gently tap the blueberry plant with your wrist to loosen the roots. Do this all over the outside of the pot and then turn it over and remove the plant by patting the bottom of the pot. Support the tree with your hands, do not grasp the trunk because the tree may break its roots and be damaged.
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Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 10

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Plant blueberries far apart. Plant blueberries 0.8 to 1.8 m apart. If you plant them close together, you will have rows of plants growing in a row, and if you plant them farther apart, you will have individual bushes.
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Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 11

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Dig a hole for each tree. The hole should only be shallow enough for the roots to stick out about 2.5 to 5 cm above the ground (for a 2 year old tree, the hole should be about 50 cm deep and about 45 cm wide). You can use a shovel to dig a tree to dig a hole.
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Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 12

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Place the tree in the hole and fill the gaps with soil. Pat the soil around the base of the plant to cover all exposed roots with about 1.5 cm of soil.
Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 13

Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 13

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Add 5 to 10 cm layer of humus to the planting area. This will help keep the soil moist, prevent weeds, and make the soil more fertile. Bark, sawdust, and grass clippings are all suitable for blueberries. Every few years, add humus once again.
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Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 14

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Water the soil after planting.

Blueberry Care

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Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 15

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Water the plant with 2.5 to 5 cm of water every week. Be careful not to over-water or water the plant.
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Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 16

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Press the top of the tree every winter. In the first year, prune all flowers. This will help the tree become strong before it starts to bear fruit. Pruning also helps to remove excess or bushy branches and strengthens the growing part of the plant.

  • Each year thereafter, remove all low-growing branches near the base of the tree by immediately cutting off the branching part of each branch. Remove all dead and/or young branches, as well as any discolored, spotted branches.
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    Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 16Bullet1

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  • Prune low-canopy blueberries by cutting off branches close to the ground. Pruned trees will not bear fruit in the first season after pruning. Every two years, you should prune half of the trees planted so that each year there is still a harvest.
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    Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 16Bullet2

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  • The cutting stage should remove from 1/3 to 1/2 the amount of branches on each tree. Prune more branches if needed.
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    Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 16Bullet3

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Fertilize blueberries. If your blueberry tree grows less than 30 centimeters each year (or less than 10 centimeters for low-canopy varieties), you should probably use a natural fertilizer to boost its growth. If possible, use organic fertilizers to avoid damaging the roots and effectively add nitrogen to the plant.

  • Seed flours such as soybean and alfalfa are good organic choices. Use 1/4 to 2 cups of fertilizer per plant depending on size.
    Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 17Bullet1

    Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 17Bullet1

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  • Blood meal and cottonseed meal also work well.
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    Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 17Bullet2

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  • Fertilize in early spring and again in late spring for best results. Always water thoroughly after fertilizing.
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    Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 17Bullet3

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Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 18

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Check the pH every two years. Remember, if the pH is below 4, you can increase the acidity by applying an acidic fertilizer or potting mix to the soil. If the pH is greater than 4.5, mix granular sulfur to lower the pH.
  • Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 19

    Image titled Grow Blueberries Step 19

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    Harvest blueberries in late July or early August. Some varieties of blueberries, including rabbit eye varieties, need to wait longer for the fruit to fully ripen. Each year, the harvest season will vary slightly depending on weather conditions.

    • Advice

    • Protect blueberries with a bird net in early summer to prevent birds from eating them.
    • Blueberries are commonly grown in humid northern climates with cold winters and cool summers.
    • When there are too many ripe fruits, freeze them or make jam, as the fruit does not keep for long after harvest.

    Before scientists worked out how to grow blueberries in the early 20th century, the only way you could enjoy this delicious fruit was to pick them from the wild bushes. Today, you can easily grow all three major varieties of blueberries in different climates. Blueberries are resistant to most pests and diseases, and can continuously bear fruit in the summer for 20 years. Blueberries are not only easy to grow, but they are also packed with antioxidants, bringing delicious flavor with a beautiful look to your back garden. Follow the steps below to find the right blueberries for your climate and start growing! [1]

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