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Help keep your aquarium fish healthy and happy by keeping the tank and water clean. You may need to regularly add prepared water. Cleaning an aquarium isn’t difficult, especially when you follow a schedule to ensure that the organic matter that causes algae growth doesn’t have time to build up. Whether it’s a freshwater or a saltwater aquarium, you can keep your aquarium clean without spending much time and effort.
Steps
Freshwater aquarium
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Prepare supplies and tools to clean the aquarium. Make sure you have everything you need, including a water treatment agent, before you start working. Read the list of essentials to make sure you have the right tools and work surface. [1] X Research Source
- A sufficient amount of treated water to change the water in the tank, or a water treatment agent to dechlorinate the tap water
- Moss scraper for cleaning the glass inside the tank (scouring pad, straight edge knife or a combination of both)
- 20 liter bucket dedicated to washing fish
- Simple gravel straw (NOT battery powered)
- Filter material (filter cartridge, filter sponge, activated carbon bag, etc.) if it is necessary to change the filter this time
- Specialized aquarium glass cleaner or vinegar-based glass cleaning solution
- 60 ml bleach per 10-15 liters of water in separate bucket (optional)
- Metal or plastic razor blades (optional, be careful with acrylic aquariums as this material is more prone to scratching)
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Use a moss brush to clean the walls of the tank. Scrub all over the glass, scrubbing a little at a time as needed to remove moss from the walls of the tank. If you encounter stubborn plaque, use a metal or plastic razor to scrape it off. [2] X Research Source
- You may need to wear gloves to do this, especially if you are allergic to anything in the tank (such as a salt mix). Choose a shoulder-length rubber glove specifically designed for aquarium cleaning.
- Do not use kitchen sponges or kitchen sinks or anything with soap and detergent residue. Only use a specialized and clean moss brush to prevent soap and chemicals from contaminating the aquarium.
- This step can also be done after you have drained 10-20% of the water out of the tank.
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Decide how much water you will change. Consider the level of organic load (the rate at which organic matter builds up) in the aquarium when deciding how much water to change and how often. Try to change 25-50% of the water every week. [3] X Research Sources
- If your goal is to keep nitrates and phosphates to a minimum, you will need to do large (50% or more) water changes and more often. If you’ve done a lot of water changes (50% or more), you may need to change the water less often.
- Note that once a week with 10% water is better than once a month with 40% water.
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Remove the old water. Start siphoning old water into a 20 liter bucket. It’s best to buy a new bucket that’s specifically for aquarium cleaning, which means don’t use it for laundry or dishwashing liquid – synthetic cleaners are toxic to fish. [4] X Research Sources
- You can buy an aquarium siphon with a hook that attaches to the sink. If using this siphon, read the manual for instructions on how to use it. This type of pipe is also resistant to water spills.
- You can use this same siphon to add water to the tank.
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Clean gravel. Push the straw all over the gravel. Fish waste, uneaten food and other debris will be sucked into the vacuum tube. If the fish you keep are very small, weak or fragile, you can wrap a clean mesh cloth over the top of the straw. [5] X Research Sources
- Clean at least 25-30% of the gravel every month.
- If there is a bed of sand in the tank, slow down the flow by placing a finger over the top of the siphon or by tying it up. Hold the straw about 2.5 cm or closer from the surface of the sand to suck up dirt without disturbing the sand. Rake through the sand with your hands or turn the sand up (if no animals lying in the sand are disturbed) to remove any underlying dirt and prevent anaerobic zones from forming.
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Wash the decorations. Moss grows thanks to nutrients in the water and light, so the decorations in the aquarium can be covered with moss. You can use a moss brush or a soft toothbrush that has never been used to scrub the decorations while absorbing the water. Avoid using soap as it can harm your fish friends! [6] X Research Sources
- If you find it difficult to scrub the decorations, remove them from the tank and soak them in a large bucket of water mixed with 60 ml of bleach for 15 minutes. Rinse everything thoroughly and treat with a water treatment agent. If porous materials are present, let them dry completely before placing them back in the tank.
- If moss is overgrown in the tank, reducing the build-up of organic matter or lighting in the tank can help. You can drop the window blinds, move the aquarium away from the window, or adjust the lighting schedule. Another treatment is to change the water volume more or more often.
- You can keep flying frogs, tank cleaners or pleco fish in a large tank to prevent moss growth.
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Put clean water in the tank. Compensate for the water that has just been sucked out with clean water that has been treated and has the same temperature as the water in the tank. Infrared thermometer is the best tool for measuring temperature. Maintaining the right temperature is very important for the health of the fish. [7] X Research Source Remember that slightly warm water is also too hot for most fish.
- Avoid overfilling the tank.
- If you’re using tap water, you’ll need to treat the water to dechlorinate it, removing heavy metals and other toxins that fish can’t handle. Choose a water treatment with chemicals that neutralize ammonia.
- Prepare in advance and fill the bucket with water the day before. Add water treatment agent and leave overnight. Remember that the water added to the tank must be the same temperature as the water in the tank – a temperature difference of more than 0.6 degrees Celsius can be very dangerous for the fish.
- If the nitrate level in the water is too high, you can replace it with reverse osmosis water purchased at the aquarium store. Add a freshwater aquarium conditioner buffer to the water to keep the water in the tank stable.
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Water tracking. Wait a few hours for the remaining turbid areas to dissolve and the water to become clear. There are many home-made substances on the market, but often they are not necessary. If the water remains cloudy, it is due to an underlying problem, and the water softener will only mask, not solve the problem. [8] X Research Sources
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Clean the outside. Clean the outside of the aquarium, including the glass, lights, and lid. You can use glass cleaner, but be sure to spray it on a rag instead of directly onto the tank – don’t let chemicals get into the tank or into the water. Use a distilled white vinegar solution to remove mineral deposits. [9] X Research Source
- For acrylic glass tanks, you can purchase polishing products specifically for this material.
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Replace or clean the filter about once a month. Rinse the mechanical filter with the water just sucked out of the tank if you don’t want to lose the bacterial environment. Remove and replace chemical filters (such as activated carbon, GFO, or Chemi-Pure) every 2-6 weeks, depending on organic load and maintenance regimen.
Saltwater aquarium
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Dilute salt water solution. The temperature, salinity and pH of the water should all be within the acceptable range for the fish you keep. Start doing it the night before you clean the tank. Buy distilled or reverse osmosis water at the store.
- Store the water in a clean plastic bucket, preferably a bucket just for this purpose.
- Warm the water with a specialized water heater purchased at an aquarium store.
- Mix salt. Simple salt mixes are available at aquarium stores. Read the instructions for use to find out how much to mix based on the amount of water you use. Usually the ratio is ½ cup of the mixture mixed with 4 liters of water.
- Aerate the water while making the salt.
- The next morning, measure the salinity in the water using a refractometer, hygrometer, or salinity meter. For fish-only environments, you can use 30 g/liter as a benchmark. In some cases, such as in a reef tank, you may need to mix salt with concentrated seawater at a concentration of 35 g/litre.
- Check the temperature with a thermometer. The temperature in the range of 23 -28 degrees Celsius is suitable for saltwater fish.
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Prepare fish tank cleaning supplies. Saltwater aquariums require something special in addition to the basic supplies used for freshwater aquariums. Please gather the following materials:
- Use a moss brush to clean the glass inside the tank
- Bucket with a capacity of 20 liters dedicated to cleaning fish tanks
- Simple Vacuum Gravel Pipe (NOT battery operated)
- Filter (filter cartridge, filter sponge, activated carbon bag, etc.) if you plan to change the filter
- Specialized glass cleaner for aquariums or vinegar-based solution
- pH test strips
- Refractometer, hygrometer or salinity meter
- Thermometer
- 10% bleach solution in separate bucket (optional)
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Clean moss. Use a moss brush to remove moss inside the tank, Use a razor or plastic razor blade to scrape off stubborn stains. [10] X Research Source
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Pull out the water. With saltwater aquariums, you should do a 10% water change every 2 weeks. In most cases, this amount of water is enough to remove nitrates from the water. Start sucking out the water to flow into the large bucket. [11] X Research Source
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Clean gravel. Push the straw all over the gravel. Fish waste, uneaten food and other debris will be sucked into the tube. If your fish is very small, weak or fragile, you can wrap a mesh cloth over the top of the siphon. [12] X Research Source
- Reduce the rate at which the water is drained out by placing a finger on the top of the siphon or by tightening the hose if your tank has a bed of sand. Hold the straw about 2.5cm or closer from the surface of the sand and suck up dirt without disturbing the sand. Sand island to prevent anaerobic zones from forming.
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Wash the decorations. Use a moss brush or a new, never-used toothbrush to scrub away the decorations in the water you’ve just sucked out. You can also take the decorations out of the tank and soak them in a 10% bleach solution for about 15 minutes, then rinse and treat with a dechlorinator. [13] X Research Source
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Check for salt deposits. When saltwater evaporates onto the surface of the aquarium, it leaves behind a layer of salt deposits. You can use a moss brush or wet towel to wipe away the salt residue and replace the lost water. [14] X Research Source
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Add water to the tank. Carefully pour the prepared water into the tank. This time too, you need to make sure the salinity and temperature are the same as the water available in the tank. Do not overfill the water.
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Check temperature daily. Saltwater fish live in a relatively narrow temperature range. To ensure the health of your fish, you should check the temperature in the aquarium daily.
Advice
- Letting the water settle in the bucket for a few hours can dechlorinate the tap water, but not chloramine, which is also toxic to fish. Do good for your fish by using a water treatment. Use an ammonia-free chemical product such as Prime if there is chloramine in the water. These substances are dangerous to fish.
- You do not need to remove the fish from the tank during tank cleaning.
- Use the right sized vacuum tube to clean the gravel. If the tube is too small, it will take you all day to clean the tank; if it is too big, the water will be sucked out too much before the job is done. Choose a siphon that is equivalent to the height of the tank.
- The larger the aquarium, the longer the parameters in the tank will change and the water in the tank will be more stable than the small aquariums.
- If using a motor-powered filter, you will have to remove and scrub dirt from the moving parts and mechanics, Do not clean the bio wheels unless absolutely necessary. Clean the shafts attached to the filter to ensure smooth operation, but do not use pleated materials, as that is a breeding ground for bacteria.
- If you purchased a potable or safe potable water supply, you can make it easier to change the aquarium water by using a siphon to guide the water down the drain. Stores also sell plumbing fixtures to help you drain water directly from the sink.
- Wear a sleeveless shirt to avoid getting your sleeves wet.
Warning
- If you use an activated carbon filter, replace the filter bag every 2-6 weeks, depending on the organic load and maintenance regime. After this time, the coal will leak the waste back to the tank.
- Do not use tap water to wash the mechanical filter, as chlorine and chloramine can harm bacteria.
- If you haven’t changed a large amount of water for a long time, start slowly. Change the water weekly with a small amount of water. Large and sudden changes to the fish’s environmental parameters (temperature, pH, salinity) can adversely affect the chemistry of the tank and shock the fish.
- Never remove fish unless absolutely necessary, as this stresses the fish and disturbs the slime coating on the fish’s body.
- Avoid using pipes with brass joints when there are animals sensitive to copper (such as corals) in the tank.
- Be very careful when cleaning the aquarium if you use bleach to clean the glass. Bleach can kill fish on contact.
- Always wash your hands thoroughly before and after putting your hands in the aquarium or handling decorative objects.
- Never put anything that could have soap residue in the aquarium, including hands, hoses, and rackets. [15] X Research Source
Things you need
- The water has been treated properly enough for a water change
- Ammonia detoxifier and dechlorinator
- Suction moss brush to clean the glass in the tank
- 20 liter bucket dedicated to cleaning fish tanks
- Simple siphon gravel straw
- Water filter materials (filter cartridge, filter sponge, activated carbon bag, etc.)
- Aquarium glass cleaner or vinegar-based solution
- pH test strips
- Thermometer
- Salt mix (for saltwater aquariums)
- Refractometer, hygrometer or salinity meter (for saltwater aquariums)
- 10% bleach solution in separate bucket (optional)
- Metal or plastic razor (optional)
- Fishing racket (for use when needed)
- Towel
X
wikiHow is a “wiki” site, which means that many of the articles here are written by multiple authors. To create this article, 87 people, some of whom are anonymous, have edited and improved the article over time.
There are 11 references cited in this article that you can view at the bottom of the page.
This article has been viewed 11,438 times.
Help keep your aquarium fish healthy and happy by keeping the tank and water clean. You may need to regularly add prepared water. Cleaning an aquarium isn’t difficult, especially when you follow a schedule to ensure that the organic matter that causes algae growth doesn’t have time to build up. Whether it’s a freshwater or a saltwater aquarium, you can keep your aquarium clean without spending much time and effort.
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