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How do we get such a variety of stuff?
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What’s all matter made of?
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ATOMS! CAN YOU TELL ME WHAT TYPE OF ELEMENT THIS IS?
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ATOMS! CAN YOU TELL ME WHAT TYPE OF ELEMENT THIS IS? ARGON (Ar)
How many valence electrons do Argon atoms have?
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ATOMS! CAN YOU TELL ME WHAT TYPE OF ELEMENT THIS IS? ARGON (Ar)
How many valence electrons do Argon atoms have? 8
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ATOMS! CAN YOU TELL ME WHAT TYPE OF ELEMENT THIS IS?
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ATOMS! CAN YOU TELL ME WHAT TYPE OF ELEMENT THIS IS? Silicon (Si)
Is this a metal, non- metal or semi-metal metalloid?
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ATOMS! CAN YOU TELL ME WHAT TYPE OF ELEMENT THIS IS? Silicon (Si)
Is this a metal, non- metal or semi-metal metalloid?
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ATOMS! How many valence electrons do Silicon (Si) atoms have?
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ATOMS! How many valence electrons do all elements in group 14 have?
How many valence electrons do Silicon (Si) atoms have? 4 How many valence electrons do all elements in group 14 have?
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ATOMS! How many valence electrons do all elements in group 14 have? 4
How many valence electrons do Silicon (Si) atoms have? 4 How many valence electrons do all elements in group 14 have? 4
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Our universe has only 118 different types of atoms…ELEMENTS
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And really only the first 92 or so are naturally available (the rest we made in supercolliders)
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If the periodic table only has 92 natural building blocks for every solid, liquid & gas in our universe, How do we get such a variety of stuff? = METALS 1 H 1.0 = NON-METALS = SEMI-METAL METALLOIDS CAN ACT LIKE METALS OR NON
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LIKE KOALAS
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TECHNOLOGY?
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WEIRD TYPES OF VEGETABLES ????
How do we get such WEIRD TYPES OF VEGETABLES ????
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How do we get such a variety of stuff?
All that FINE THREADS you wear! How do we get such a variety of stuff?
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Most matter is a molecular mixture of the first 92 elements.
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Most matter is a molecular mixture of the first 92 elements
Most matter is a molecular mixture of the first 92 elements. Mostly THESE 12 elements.
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except for one group of elements group __ (noble gases), Most atoms combine with other atoms….
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NOBLE GAS GROUP 18! Why don’t group 18 atoms combine into different molecules?
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NOBLE GAS GROUP 18 Why don’t group 18 atoms combine into different molecules? They CAN’T fit any more electrons on their outer ring.
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except for group 18 (noble gases), Most atoms combine with other atoms to form molecules…
lCo Let’s see how oxygen does it.
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PROTONS & NEUTRONS IN THE CENTER OR ELECTRONS ORBITING?
WHAT PART OF THE ATOM IS RESPONSIBLE FOR HOOKING UP ATOMS INTO MOLECULES? PROTONS & NEUTRONS IN THE CENTER OR ELECTRONS ORBITING?
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Orbiting electrons (-) ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR COMBINING ATOMS/ELEMENTS INTO near infinitE types of MOLECULES!
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But they have the power to create NEW MOLECULAR MATTER!.
Electrons(-) jump between atoms easily, because they orbit on the outside of each atom. But they have the power to create NEW MOLECULAR MATTER!.
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AND NOT JUST ANY ELECTRONS
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VALENCE Orbiting electrons (-) ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR COMBINING ATOMS/ELEMENTS INTO near infinitE types of MOLECULES!
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anytime 2 or more atoms combine their valence electrons (-), they form a molecule.
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Nobles (18) have a FULL outer shell
molecules bond BASED ON THEIR VALENCE ELECTRONS…TO GET TO FULL OUTER SHELLS. G1 G2 G13 G14 G15 G16 G17 G18 p Nobles (18) have a FULL outer shell no molecules here
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FORM MOLECULES 1:1 SO EASY
molecules bond BASED ON THEIR VALENCE ELECTRONS…TO GET TO FULL OUTER SHELLS. G1 G2 G13 G14 G15 G16 G17 G18 p Nobles (18) have a FULL outer shell no molecules here THAT’S WHY GROUPS 1 & 17 FORM MOLECULES 1:1 SO EASY
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ATOMS/ELEMENTS IN ALKALI GROUP 1 ARE EAGER TO GIVE AWAY THEIR 1 DINGLEBERRY VALENCE ELECTRON.
ATOMS/ELEMENTS IN HALOGEN GROUP 17 ARE HUNGRY HIPPOS FOR GETTING THAT ONE VALENCE ELECTRON THEY NEED TO FILL THEIR OUTER SHELL!
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GROUP 16 NEEDS 2 ELECTRONS TO FILL THEIR OUTER VALENCE SHELLS.
Nobles (18) have a FULL outer shell no molecules here HOW MANY ATOMS FROM GROUP 1 WILL THIS TAKE?
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GROUP 16 NEEDS 2 ELECTRONS TO FILL THEIR OUTER VALENCE SHELLS.
Nobles (18) have a FULL outer shell no molecules here HOW MANY ATOMS FROM GROUP 1 WILL THIS TAKE? 2:1
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THAT’S WHY ELEMENTS/ATOMS IN GROUP 1 AND GROUPS 16 MOLECULARLY COMBINE IN 2:1 RATIOS LIKE WATER (H2O) AND HYDROGEN SULFIDE (H2S).
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WHEN THESE TWO GROUPS MAKE A MOLECULE, THEY SHARE DOUBLE ELECTRONS
Groups 16 needs 2 electrons while group 2 wants to give away 2 electrons…perfect! G1 G2 G13 G14 G15 G16 G17 G18 p Nobles (18) have a FULL outer shell no molecules here WHEN THESE TWO GROUPS MAKE A MOLECULE, THEY SHARE DOUBLE ELECTRONS
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SO, A MOLECULE LIKE CALCIUM OXIDE (CaO) IS MADE WHEN ONE ATOM OF CALCIUM SHARES ITS 2 ELECTRONS WITH ONE ATOM OF OXYGEN. This is known as a DOUBLE BOND! O Ca
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HOW MANY ELECTRONS DO ATOMS IN GROUP 14 NEED?
molecules bond BASED ON THEIR VALENCE ELECTRONS…TO GET TO FULL OUTER SHELLS. G1 G2 G13 G14 G15 G16 G17 G18 p Nobles (18) have a FULL outer shell no molecules here HOW MANY ELECTRONS DO ATOMS IN GROUP 14 NEED?
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HOW MANY ELECTRONS DO ATOMS IN GROUP 14 NEED? 4
molecules bond BASED ON THEIR VALENCE ELECTRONS…TO GET TO FULL OUTER SHELLS. G1 G2 G13 G14 G15 G16 G17 G18 p Nobles (18) have a FULL outer shell no molecules here HOW MANY ELECTRONS DO ATOMS IN GROUP 14 NEED? 4
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LEWIS DIAGRAM WKSHEET…Creating molecules
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Nobles (18) have a FULL outer shell
molecules bond BASED ON THEIR VALENCE ELECTRONS…TO GET TO FULL OUTER SHELLS. G1 G2 G13 G14 G15 G16 G17 G18 p Nobles (18) have a FULL outer shell no molecules here
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continue…
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REMEMBER the MOLECULES we built
REMEMBER the MOLECULES we built? WE CAN CREATE NEARLY INFINITE MOLECULES OUT OF JUST 92 ELEMENTS!
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REMEMBER the MOLECULES we built
REMEMBER the MOLECULES we built? WE CAN CREATE NEARLY INFINITE MOLECULES OUT OF JUST 92 ELEMENTS! (by atoms sharing ________ electrons)
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REMEMBER the MOLECULES we built
REMEMBER the MOLECULES we built? WE CAN CREATE NEARLY INFINITE MOLECULES OUT OF JUST 92 ELEMENTS! (by atoms sharing valence electrons)
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MOLECULES made of 2 OR more different elements are COMPOUNDS
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How many lone atoms do we have here? How many MOLECULES DO WE HAVE HERE? How many COMPOUND MOLECULES do we have here?
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How many lone atoms do we have here
How many lone atoms do we have here? 6 How many MOLECULES DO WE HAVE HERE? How many COMPOUND MOLECULES do we have here?
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How many lone atoms do we have here
How many lone atoms do we have here? 6 How many MOLECULES DO WE HAVE HERE? 8 (6 different types) How many COMPOUND MOLECULES do we have here?
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How many lone atoms do we have here
How many lone atoms do we have here? 6 How many MOLECULES DO WE HAVE HERE? 8 (6 different types) How many COMPOUND MOLECULES do we have here? 7 (5 different ones)
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Molecules made of 2 or more different elements are COMPOUNDS
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Molecules made of 2 ormore different elements are COMPOUNDS
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It has more than 1 type of element bonding together in a molecule.
CASEY’S RULE: If a molecule has more than 1 capital letter, it’s a COMPOUND molecule! It has more than 1 type of element bonding together in a molecule.
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Molecules made of 2 or more different elements are COMPOUNDS
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99.9999% of the atoms in our body are combined into molecules…
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99.9999% of the atoms in our body are combined into molecules…
Most of our molecules are COMPOUND molecules. 7,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms
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99.9999% of the atoms in our body are combined into molecules…
MOSTLY H2O MOLECULES!
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our molecules can get complex!
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REALLY complex! This is a type of protein molecule
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THE MOST COMPLEX MOLECULE – is your DNA molecules copied inside every cell nucleus in your body!
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Chemists have a way to help keep track of all the different numbers & types of atoms in each molecule.
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Chemical or molecular formulas tell us which elements & their exact numbers in each molecule
CO2 H2 CH4
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subscripts appear below each element to show the number of atoms OF EACH ELEMENT CONNECTED per molecule. O2 CO2 CH4
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If there is no subscript after an element in a molecule it has just ONE.
CO2 CH4
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write the chemical or molecular formula for these big molecules in our bodies.
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write the chemical or molecular formula for these compound molecules in our bodies.
C33H30O4 C3H4O7P C4H9O6
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Which ones are single atoms. Which ones are molecules of one atom
Which ones are single atoms? Which ones are molecules of one atom? Which ones are compound molecules?
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Argon, helium, krypton, xenon, and neon like to be alone
Argon, helium, krypton, xenon, and neon like to be alone. group 18 remember!
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GROUP 18 – the lazy NOBLE GASES do NOT normally FORM any MOLECULES.
/atoms
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how many molecules do we have below?
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how many molecules do we have below? 5!
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Of the 5 molecules below, which ones are ALSO compounds!
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Of the 5 molecules below, which ones are ALSO compounds! 2!
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You call it…
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