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Che Guevara, born Ernesto Rafael Guevara de la Serna, was an Argentine Marxist revolutionary, physician, author, guerrilla leader, and political theorist. He rose to prominence as an influential figure in the Cuban Revolution, where he played a crucial role alongside Fidel Castro in overthrowing the U.S.-backed dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista. Guevara’s ideologies and actions in pursuit of social justice and anti-imperialist struggle have made him an iconic figure in the global world, inspiring revolutionaries and activists from different corners of the globe. This introduction delves into the life, philosophy, and revolutionary legacy of Che Guevara, a man who continues to captivate hearts and minds, five decades after his death.
Who Was Che Guevara?
Ernesto “Che” Guevara de la Serna was an Argentine Marxist revolutionary who was a prominent figure during the Cuban Revolution. Guevara studied medicine before traveling around South America, observing the conditions that spurred his Marxist beliefs. He aided Fidel Castro in overturning the Batista government during the late 1950s, and then held key political offices during Castro’s regime. Guevara later engaged in guerrilla action elsewhere, including in Bolivia, where he was captured and executed in 1967.Early Life
Guevara was born into a middle-class family on June 14, 1928, in Rosario, Argentina. He was plagued by asthma in his youth but still managed to distinguish himself as an athlete. He absorbed the left-leaning political views of his family and friends, and by his teens had become politically active, joining a group that opposed the government of Juan Perón.
After graduating from high school with honors, Guevara studied medicine at the University of Buenos Aires, but in 1951 he left the school to travel around South America with a friend. The poor living conditions he witnessed on their nine-month journey had a profound effect on Guevara, and he returned to medical school the following year, intent on providing care for the needy. He received his degree in 1953.
The Cuban Revolution
However, as Guevara’s interest in Marxism grew, he decided to abandon medicine, believing that only revolution could bring justice to the people of South America. In 1953, he traveled to Guatemala, where he witnessed the CIA-backed overthrow of its leftist government, which only served to deepen his convictions.
By 1955, Guevara was married and living in Mexico, where he met Cuban revolutionary Fidel Castro and his brother Raúl, who were planning the overthrow of Fulgencio Batista’s government. When their small armed forces landed in Cuba on December 2, 1956, Guevara was with them and among the few that survived the initial assault. Over the next few years, he would serve as a primary advisor to Castro and lead their growing guerrilla forces in attacks against the crumbling Batista regime.
In January 1959, Castro took control of Cuba and placed Guevara in charge of La Cabaña prison, where it is estimated that hundreds of people were executed on Guevara’s extrajudicial orders. He was later appointed the president of the national bank and minister of industry and did much to assist in the country’s transformation into a communist state.
In the early 1960s, Guevara also acted as an ambassador for Cuba, traveling the world to establish relations with other countries, most notably the Soviet Union, and was a key player during the Bay of Pigs invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis. He also authored a manual on guerrilla warfare, and in 1964 delivered a speech to the United Nations in which he condemned U.S. foreign policy and the apartheid in South Africa.
Death and Legacy
By 1965, with the Cuban economy in shambles, Guevara left his post to export his revolutionary ideologies to other parts of the world. He traveled first to the Congo to train troops in guerrilla warfare in support of a revolution there but left later that year when it failed.
After returning briefly to Cuba, in 1966, Guevara departed for Bolivia with a small force of rebels to incite a revolution there. He was captured by the Bolivian army and killed in La Higuera on October 9, 1967.
Since his death, Guevara has become a legendary political figure. His name is often equated with rebellion, revolution and socialism. Others, however, remember that he could be ruthless and ordered prisoners executed without trial in Cuba. In any case, Guevara’s life continues to be a subject of great public interest and has been explored and portrayed in numerous books and films, including The Motorcycle Diaries (2004), which starred Gael García Bernal as Guevara, and the two-part biopic Che (2008), in which Benicio Del Toro portrayed the revolutionary.
QUICK FACTS
- Name: Che Guevara
- Birth Year: 1928
- Birth date: June 14, 1928
- Birth City: Rosario
- Birth Country: Argentina
- Gender: Male
- Best Known For: Che Guevara was a Marxist revolutionary allied with Fidel Castro during the Cuban Revolution.
- Industries
- War and Militaries
- Astrological Sign: Gemini
- Schools
- University of Buenos Aires
- Nacionalities
- Argentine
- Death Year: 1967
- Death date: October 9, 1967
- Death City: La Higuera
- Death Country: Bolivia
Fact Check
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CITATION INFORMATION
- Article Title: Che Guevara Biography
- Author: Biography.com Editors
- Website Name: The Biography.com website
- Url: https://www.biography.com/political-figures/che-guevara
- Access Date:
- Publisher: A&E; Television Networks
- Last Updated: March 26, 2021
- Original Published Date: April 3, 2014
QUOTES
- Better to die standing than to live on your knees.
- There are no borders in this struggle to the death.
- The road is long and full of difficulties.
- Peaceful coexistence cannot be limited to the powerful countries if we want to ensure world peace.
- Cuba was developed as a sugar factory of the United States.
- Guerrilla warfare is a people’s warfare.
- One has to grow hard but without ever losing tenderness.
- Revolution is not an apple that falls when it is ripe. You have to make it fall.
- I don’t care if I fall, as long as someone picks up my gun and keeps shooting.
- It’s not just a simple game, it is a weapon of the revolution.
In conclusion, Che Guevara remains a highly controversial figure, revered by some as a martyr and revolutionary hero, while despised by others as a ruthless and uncompromising Marxist-Leninist. However, it is undeniable that Guevara played a significant role in the Cuban Revolution and left a lasting impact on Latin American politics. Whether admired or criticized, his commitment to social justice and his revolutionary ideals continue to resonate with many individuals around the world. Despite his early death, Che Guevara’s legacy has endured through his writings, speeches, and iconic imagery, making him an enduring symbol of rebellion and defiance against perceived injustices.
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