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How Much Does Earth’s Atmosphere Weigh? [1]
In 1798 British physicist Henry Cavendish became the first person to accurately determine the mass of Earth. His painstakingly conducted experiment calculated the density of Earth and thus the value of G, the universal gravitational constant first proposed by Isaac Newton in 1687
The total mass of Earth’s atmosphere is about 5.5 quadrillion tons, or roughly one millionth of Earth’s mass. Earth’s atmosphere extends from its ocean, land, and ice-covered surface outward into space, and its density is greatest close to the surface, because the gravitational attraction of the planet pulls the gases and aerosols (microscopic suspended particles of dust, soot, smoke, or chemicals) inward
As elevation increases, however, air molecules spread farther apart, and the air becomes lighter.
» Volume of CO2 emmissions compared to the total volume of our atmosphere: [2]
Volume of CO2 emmissions compared to the total volume of our atmosphere:. As far as I’m concerned, anyone who thinks that our way of life doesn’t affect the environment (climate included) is an idiot
You only need to look at exactly how much CO2 is produced by man:. Since 1751 roughly 315 billion tons of carbon have been released to the atmosphere from the consumption of fossil fuels and cement production
The 2004 global fossil-fuel CO2 emission estimate, 7910 million metric tons of carbon, represents an all-time high and a 5.4% increase from 2003.. People talk of gas emmissions in terms of mass, which understates the quantity… But exactly how much space does 1 tonne of CO2 gas occupy? You only need to look at molar volumes of gases:
10 interesting things about air – Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet [3]
So what is air, exactly? It’s a mixture of different gases. The air in Earth’s atmosphere is made up of approximately 78 percent nitrogen and 21 percent oxygen
While air is mostly gas, it also holds lots of tiny particles. Some aerosols—like dust and pollen—are picked up naturally when the wind blows
When there are too many particles in the air, it can be difficult for plants and animals to breathe.. People need to breathe, and so do lots of other animals—and plants! Breathing is part of a process called respiration
What is space? [4]
This is because there is no air in space – it is a vacuum. ‘Outer space’ begins about 100 km above the Earth, where the shell of air around our planet disappears
Space is usually regarded as being completely empty. The vast gaps between the stars and planets are filled with huge amounts of thinly spread gas and dust
Space is also filled with many forms of radiation that are dangerous to astronauts. Much of this infrared and ultraviolet radiation comes from the Sun
Atmosphere of Earth [5]
The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, known collectively as air, retained by Earth’s gravity that surrounds the planet and forms its planetary atmosphere. The atmosphere of Earth creates pressure, absorbs most meteoroids and ultraviolet solar radiation, warms the surface through heat retention (greenhouse effect), allowing life and liquid water to exist on the Earth’s surface, and reduces temperature extremes between day and night (the diurnal temperature variation).
Air composition, temperature, and atmospheric pressure vary with altitude. Within the atmosphere, air suitable for use in photosynthesis by terrestrial plants and breathing of terrestrial animals is found only in Earth’s troposphere.[citation needed]
The atmosphere changed significantly over time, affected by many factors such as volcanism, life, and weathering. Recently, human activity has also contributed to atmospheric changes, such as global warming, ozone depletion and acid deposition.
10 interesting things about air – Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet [6]
So what is air, exactly? It’s a mixture of different gases. The air in Earth’s atmosphere is made up of approximately 78 percent nitrogen and 21 percent oxygen
While air is mostly gas, it also holds lots of tiny particles. Some aerosols—like dust and pollen—are picked up naturally when the wind blows
When there are too many particles in the air, it can be difficult for plants and animals to breathe.. People need to breathe, and so do lots of other animals—and plants! Breathing is part of a process called respiration
World’s Air Pollution: Real-time Air Quality Index [7]
Want to protect yourself against the air pollution?. Want to access the Air Quality data via programatic API?
|0 – 50||Good||Air quality is considered satisfactory, and air pollution poses little or no risk||None|. |51 -100||Moderate||Air quality is acceptable; however, for some pollutants there may be a moderate health concern for a very small number of people who are unusually sensitive to air pollution.||Active children and adults, and people with respiratory disease, such as asthma, should limit prolonged outdoor exertion.|
The general public is not likely to be affected.||Active children and adults, and people with respiratory disease, such as asthma, should limit prolonged outdoor exertion.|. |151-200||Unhealthy||Everyone may begin to experience health effects; members of sensitive groups may experience more serious health effects||Active children and adults, and people with respiratory disease, such as asthma, should avoid prolonged outdoor exertion; everyone else, especially children, should limit prolonged outdoor exertion|
Billions of people still breathe unhealthy air: new WHO data [8]
Almost the entire global population (99%) breathes air that exceeds WHO air quality limits, and threatens their health. A record number of over 6000 cities in 117 countries are now monitoring air quality, but the people living in them are still
The findings have prompted the World Health Organization to highlight the importance of curbing fossil fuel use and taking other tangible steps to reduce air pollution levels.. Released in the lead-up to World Health Day, which this year celebrates the theme Our planet, our health, the 2022 update of the World Health Organization’s air quality database introduces, for the first time, ground measurements of annual mean
It also includes measurements of particulate matter with diameters equal or smaller than 10 μm (PM10) or 2.5. Both groups of pollutants originate mainly from human activities related to fossil fuel combustion.
Air Pollution [9]
Air pollution is one of the world’s largest health and environmental problems. It develops in two contexts: indoor (household) air pollution and outdoor air pollution.
We look in detail at how exposure to Outdoor Air Pollution, its health impacts and attributed deaths across the world in our full entry: Outdoor Air Pollution.. In this entry we look at the aggregate picture of air pollution – both indoor and outdoor.
– Air pollution is attributed to 11.65% of deaths globally.. – It is also one of the leading risk factors for disease burden.
Here are the most polluted cities in the U.S. and world [10]
– About 90% of the global population in 2022 experienced unhealthy air quality, according to a new report from Swiss air quality technology company IQAir.. – IQAir measured air quality levels based on the concentration of lung-damaging airborne particles known as PM 2.5.
About 90% of the global population in 2022 experienced unhealthy air quality, and only six countries met the World Health Organization’s recommendations of safe air pollutant levels, according to a new report from Swiss air quality technology company IQAir.. IQAir measured air quality levels based on the concentration of lung-damaging airborne particles known as PM 2.5
Studies have also linked long-term exposure to PM 2.5 with higher rates of death from Covid-19.. When the WHO first published air quality guidance in 2005, it said the acceptable levels of air pollution were less than 10 micrograms per cubic meter
Less than 1% of Earth has safe levels of air pollution, study finds [11]
A new study on global daily levels of air pollution shows that hardly anywhere on Earth is safe from unhealthy air.. About 99.82% of the global land area is exposed to levels of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) — tiny particles in the air that scientists have linked to lung cancer and heart disease — above the safety limit recommended by the World Health Organization, according to the peer-reviewed study published on Monday in Lancet Planetary Health
Conducted by scientists in Australia and China, the study found that on the global level, more than 70% of days in 2019 had daily PM2.5 concentrations exceeding 15 micrograms of gaseous pollutant per cubic meter — the WHO recommended daily limit. Air quality is particularly worrisome in regions such as southern Asia and eastern Asia, where more than 90% of days had PM2.5 concentrations above the 15 microgram threshold.
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Finnish air and its benefits [12]
Here are nine things to know about Finnish air and its benefits. What if we told you that one of the best things in Finland is invisible, abundant and totally free?
And no, that statement wasn’t pulled from thin air – it’s a proven fact.. As well as ensuring things like great habitats for Finland’s nature and clean food for foraging, clean air has plenty of health benefits for humans, from increased happiness to a good night’s sleep.
92 Percent Of The World’s Population Breathes Substandard Air, WHO Says [13]
92 Percent Of The World’s Population Breathes Substandard Air, WHO Says. The World Health Organization says 92 percent of the world’s population breathes air containing pollutants exceeding WHO limits, in new research released Tuesday.
The report used information from nearly 3,000 places from around the world, doubling the amount of data from the last assessment of this kind.. The WHO research measured particulate matter in the air, such as “sulphates, nitrates, ammonia, sodium chloride, black carbon, mineral dust and water.” It did not account for known pollutants such as nitrogen oxides or ozone — meaning that these are likely conservative figures.
“Air pollution continues take a toll on the health of the most vulnerable populations — women, children and the older adults,” Dr. Flavia Bustreo, assistant director general at WHO, said in a press release
Mapped: Air Pollution Levels Around the World in 2022 [14]
Mapped: Air Pollution Levels Around the World in 2022. Subscribe to the Elements free mailing list for more like this
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that air pollution leads to 7 million premature deaths every year.. Out of the six common air pollutants, particulate matter measuring 2.5 microns or smaller in diameter, or PM2.5, is accepted as the most harmful to human health
With that context in mind, this visualization uses IQAir’s World Air Quality Report to map out the 2022 average PM2.5 concentrations in select major cities around the globe, expressed in micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m³).. Did you know that in 2019, only 1% of the global population lived in places where WHO global air quality guidelines were met?
The World’s Most and Least Polluted Countries [15]
And while many countries are far more polluted than others, there are some that are shining a light on what could be possible for the rest of the world. It’s important to note that the world’s most polluted countries are not always those that are the most polluting
In order to ascertain which are the most polluted countries in the world, the source has to be credible and backed by evidence. For this reason, we decided to use IQAir’s 2021 rich and detailed air quality data, which measures the annual average concentration of PM 2.5 in each country in micrograms divided by cubic metres (µg/m³)
The results aren’t pleasing, which is to be expected when over 99% of people live in an area with unsafe air.. It comes as no surprise to find Bangladesh is the world’s most polluted country with 76.9 µg/m³ (only slightly lower the 77.1 µg/m³ measurement of 2020 and 83.3 µg/m³ in 2019)
99% of world’s population breathes poor-quality air, World Health Organisation says [16]
Almost everybody in the world breathes air containing too many pollutants, the World Health Organisation said on Monday.. The UN health agency called for more action to reduce fossil-fuel use, which generates pollutants that cause respiratory and blood-flow problems and lead to millions of preventable deaths each year.
Air quality is poorest in WHO’s Eastern Mediterranean and Southeast Asia regions, followed by Africa, it said.. “After surviving a pandemic, it is unacceptable to still have 7 million preventable deaths and countless preventable lost years of good health due to air pollution,” said Dr
“Yet too many investments are still being sunk into a polluted environment rather than in clean, healthy air,” she added.. The database, which has traditionally considered two types of particulate matter known as PM2.5 and PM10, for the first time has included ground measurements of nitrogen dioxide
What is air pressure? [17]
You can think of our atmosphere as a large ocean of air surrounding the earth. The air that composes the atmosphere is made of many different gases
The remaining 1% is composed of such gases as Argon, Carbon Dioxide, Helium, and Hydrogen. Typically, the weather of the earth is caused by processes that occur within the lowest 20 km of the atmosphere
Air and consequently, our atmosphere, do have weight. This weight decreases as you go up within the atmosphere
Harmful air pollution now affects 99 per cent of everyone on Earth [18]
Almost everyone on Earth lives in areas with harmful levels of air pollution that breach new guidelines from the World Health Organization (WHO). The official figure is that 99 per cent of the world’s population is affected, up from 90 per cent four years ago under less stringent standards.
Ahmedabad tops the list, with Delhi in third, a new database published today by the WHO shows. For a larger but still harmful pollutant, PM10, the top 10 list of the dirtiest places is more diverse, including settlements in Bahrain, India, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, South Africa and Saudi Arabia.
Chinese cities, which previously dominated lists of the world’s most polluted urban areas, have cleaned up their air considerably. Beijing, famous for its “airpocalypse” smog events in the past, still has high annual levels of PM2.5, but is now only the 76th most polluted city globally.
Pollution: 90% of world population breathes air that exceeds WHO targets on particulate matter [19]
Pollution: 90% of world population breathes air that exceeds WHO targets on particulate matterBMJ 2023; 380 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.p615 (Published 15 March 2023) Cite this as: BMJ 2023;380:p615. The UK, along with 117 other countries, exceeded the World Health Organization target on fine particulate matter in 2022, a report on world air quality shows.
The report, which includes an interactive map, is based on data from 30 000 air quality monitoring stations in more than 7000 cities. These stations measure the concentration of fine particulate matter, the world’s leading cause of environment related deaths
After surging pollution levels were seen in 2021 after the post-covid reopening of many economies around the world, the latest data show a more mixed picture. Richer countries were more likely than poorer countries to show …
99% of the world is breathing poor-quality air, WHO says [20]
99% of the world is breathing poor-quality air, WHO says. The World Health Organization said Monday that nearly everybody in the world breathes air that doesn’t meet its standards for air quality
About six months after tightening its guidelines on air quality, the WHO on Monday issued an update to its database on air quality that draws on information from a growing number of cities, towns and villages across the globe. The WHO said 99% of the global population breathes air that exceeds its air-quality limits and is often rife with particles that can penetrate deep into the lungs, enter the veins and arteries, and cause disease
“After surviving a pandemic, it is unacceptable to still have 7 million preventable deaths and countless preventable lost years of good health due to air pollution,” said Dr. Maria Neira, head of WHO’s department of environment, climate change and health
Air pollution report: Only 13 countries and territories had ‘healthy’ air quality in 2022 [21]
Only 13 of the world’s countries and territories had “healthy” air quality last year, according to a new report, as air pollution surged to alarming levels in 2022.. The report by IQAir, a company that tracks air quality worldwide, found that average annual air pollution in roughly 90% of the countries and territories analyzed exceeded the World Health Organization’s air quality guidelines, which are designed to help governments craft regulations to protect public health.
Seven countries – Chad, Iraq, Pakistan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Kuwait and India – had poor air quality that far exceeded the WHO guidelines with average air pollution over 50 micrograms per cubic meter.. The study looked specifically at fine particulate matter, or PM2.5, which is the tiniest pollutant but also the most dangerous
It comes from sources like the combustion of fossil fuels, dust storms and wildfires, and has been linked to a number of health problems including asthma, heart disease and other respiratory illnesses.. WHO tightened its annual air pollution guidelines in September 2021, cutting the acceptable amount of fine particulate matter from 10 to 5 micrograms per cubic meter.
Almost everyone now breathing polluted air, warns WHO [22]
Almost everyone now breathing polluted air, warns WHO. An astonishing 99 per cent of the world’s population breathes polluted air that exceeds internationally approved limits, with negative health impacts kicking in at much lower levels than previously thought, UN medical scientists said on Monday.
Shocking! 99% – or almost the entire world’s population breathes air with unhealthy levels of fine particulate matter & nitrogen dioxide, and threatens their health.More: https://t.co/Llaj2wHk0V #HealthierTomorrow pic.twitter.com/QlHUP4iyS4WHO. The UN agency also urged more governments to take note that it has made significant revisions to its air quality indicators, including for particulate matter – known as PM2.5 – that can enter the bloodstream, along with nitrogen dioxide (NO2), another common urban pollutant and precursor of particulate matter and ozone.
Sophie Gumy, Technical Officer at WHO’s Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health.. “So, with all the new evidence that has come up over the last 15 years since the last WHO air quality guideline update, most of the values of the guidelines levels have been reduced
Top 10 countries with the worst air pollution index [23]
|AQI||Air Pollution Level||Health Implications||Cautionary Statement (for PM2.5)|. |0 – 50||Good||Air quality is considered satisfactory, and air pollution poses little or no risk||None|
|101-150||Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups||Members of sensitive groups may experience health effects. The general public is not likely to be affected.||Active children and adults, and people with respiratory disease, such as asthma, should limit prolonged outdoor exertion.|
|201-300||Very Unhealthy||Health warnings of emergency conditions. The entire population is more likely to be affected.||Active children and adults, and people with respiratory disease, such as asthma, should avoid all outdoor exertion; everyone else, especially children, should limit outdoor exertion.|
Sources
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