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How to Recognize Bipolar Disorder

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Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes changes in mood, activity levels, energy, and ability to live and work every day. Although nearly 6 million American adults have the condition, like other mental illnesses, bipolar disorder is often misunderstood. They often say someone is “bipolar” if the person exhibits any mood swings, but in reality the criteria for diagnosing bipolar are much stricter. There are many types of bipolar disorder [1] and all are serious, but they are treatable with a combination of medication and psychotherapy. [2] If you want to help people with bipolar disorder, you should find out more information in the article below.

Learn about Bipolar Disorder

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Look out for unusually irritable “mood states”. That’s when your mood changes quickly and is much different than usual. In folklore, this state is known as the “erratic mood”. People with bipolar disorder change their moods very quickly, or they may change their moods infrequently. [3]

  • There are two basic mood states: extreme elevation or mania and extreme depression or depression . Patients may also experience mixed moods, which means that signs of mania and depression occur at the same time. [4]
  • Between these two moods, people with bipolar disorder also experience periods of “normal” moods. [5]
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Up-to-date information on types of bipolar disorder. There are four basic types of bipolar disorder commonly diagnosed as follows: Bipolar Type 1, Bipolar Type 2, Unspecified Bipolar Disorder, and Cyclic Affective Disorder. Each type of bipolar disorder is diagnosed based on the severity and duration of the illness, as well as the rate at which mood states change. [6] You cannot self-diagnose and should not attempt to do so, but have to be done by a mental health professional.

  • Bipolar disorder type 1 presents with manic or mixed mood and lasts for at least seven days. Patients can become overly excited, putting them in real danger and requiring immediate medical attention. Depressive moods also occur and usually last for a minimum of two weeks. [7]
  • Bipolar disorder type 2 presents with a milder mood. Hypomania is a state in which the person feels very “energised”, works exceptionally well, and performs well in daily tasks. If left untreated, this condition can develop into a manic episode. [8] Depressive mood in Bipolar 2 is also milder than in Bipolar 1.
  • Bipolar disorder unspecified (BP-NOS) is diagnosed when symptoms of bipolar disorder exist but they do not meet the rigorous diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5 (Statistics and Diagnostic Manual). mental illnesses). These symptoms are still not typical of the person’s baseline or “normal” mood range.
  • Cyclic affective disorder is a mild form of bipolar disorder. Episodes of hypomania alternate with episodes of mild and brief depression. This condition must persist for a minimum of 2 years to satisfy diagnostic criteria. [9] [10]
  • People with bipolar disorder also sometimes experience “rapid swings,” meaning they experience four or more moods in a 12-month cycle. Cycles of rapid change seem to affect women more than men, and it can come and go. [11] [12]
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How to recognize a manic state. This mood state manifests differently in each person. However, that mood escalates or “heats up” very quickly from the person’s baseline or “normal” emotional state. Some manifestations of manic mood are: [13] [14] [15]

  • Feeling extremely cheerful, happy, or excited. The person experiencing this mood feels so “busy” or happy that even bad news can’t affect their mood at the time. The feeling of extreme happiness even continues for no apparent reason.
  • Overconfident, feeling invulnerable, delusions of self-nobility. The person who is going through this state has a very large ego or has a much higher self-esteem than usual. They believe they can accomplish things beyond the realm of possibility, as if nothing can stop them, or imagine having a special connection to important figures or to supernatural phenomena.
  • Frustrated, suddenly angry. People who are in a manic state can get angry at others without being provoked, they are more “touched” or angry more easily than when they are in a “normal” mood.
  • Dynamic increase. The person wants to take on more than one task at a time, or schedule more tasks in a day that are not technically possible. They engage in many activities, even seemingly purposeless ones, without eating or sleeping.
  • Talk more, speak incoherently, think in a hurry. During a manic episode, people often have difficulty summarizing their thoughts even though they talk a lot at this time. They often jump quickly from one thought or action to another.
  • Feeling restless or agitated. Patients feel agitated or irritable, and easily distracted.
  • Sudden increase in risky behavior. Patients may do things that are out of their normal boundaries and put at risk, such as having unprotected sex, indulging in shopping or gambling. In addition, they can also participate in risky physical activities such as racing, extreme sports or trying to set a sports record, which they are not qualified to achieve.
  • Sleep less. They slept very little but still claimed to have had enough rest. Many times they have insomnia or simply feel like they don’t need sleep.
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How to recognize depression. A manic episode makes a person with bipolar disorder feel like they’re “on top of the world,” whereas a depressive episode makes a person feel crushed at the bottom. Everyone’s symptoms are different, but there are a few things in common that you should look out for: [16] [17]

  • Endless feelings of sadness and disappointment. Just like the feeling of happiness or euphoria during a manic episode, this feeling of sadness seems to have no cause. The sick person feels frustrated or useless no matter how hard you try to encourage them.
  • Loss of pleasure. The patient is no longer interested in the things they used to enjoy doing. Desire for sex is also less.
  • Tired. Usually people with severe depression always feel tired, they often complain of body aches.
  • Sleep habits suddenly change. During a depressive episode, their “normal” sleeping habits suddenly change in some way. Some sleep too much while others sleep too little. Whether it’s a little or a lot of sleep, that habit is very different from their “normal” level.
  • Change the taste. People with depression may lose or gain weight, and tend to eat too much or not enough. This depends on each person, but it is important that there has been a change from the patient’s “normal” habits.
  • Difficulty concentrating. Depression makes it difficult for patients to concentrate, even to make small decisions. They feel numb every time they fall into a depressive episode.
  • Suicidal thoughts or actions. You should not assume that the patient’s expression of suicidal thoughts or intentions is just to “get attention,” because suicide is a real risk for someone with bipolar disorder. Call emergency services right away if your loved one has suicidal thoughts or thoughts.
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Read a lot about bipolar disorder. Referring to this article is a great first step, but the more you know about bipolar disorder, the more you can help your loved one. Here are some resources you should check out: [18] [19]

  • The National Institute of Mental Health is a great place to start learning about bipolar disorder, its symptoms and causes, treatment options, and how to live with it. [20]
  • The Depression and Bipolar Disorder Support Coalition provides resources for individuals with bipolar disorder and their loved ones. [21]
  • Marya Hornbacher’s memoir , Madness: A Bipolar Life, is about the author’s lifelong battle against bipolar disorder. Dr. Kay Redfield Jamison’s memoir A Restless Mind tells the story of the author’s life as a scientist and bipolar disorder. While everyone’s experience with the disease is different, the books above can help you understand what your loved one is going through.
  • Bipolar Disorder: A Handbook for Patients and Families , by Dr. Frank Mondimore, is also a good reference (not only for the patient but also for yourself).
  • The Handbook of Bipolar Disorder by Dr. David J. Miklowitz aims to help patients, how to cope with bipolar disorder.
  • Mary Ellen Copeland and Matthew McKay’s Handbook for Living Well with Depression and Manic-Depression is aimed at helping patients maintain a stable mood with a variety of exercise.
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Refusal of popular myths about mental illness. People with mental illness are often seen by others as “something is wrong”. It is thought that the disease can “get out” if the person “really tries” or “thinks more optimistically”. [22] Actually these ideas are not true. Bipolar disorder is a combination of complex interacting factors, including genetics, brain structure, physical imbalances, and social and cultural pressures. [23] People with bipolar disorder cannot “stop” having it, but it can be treated. [24]

  • Consider how you talk to someone with another illness, such as cancer. Would you ask them, “Have you ever tried to recover from cancer?”. So it’s not right to tell someone with bipolar disorder to “try harder.” [25]
  • There is a fairly common misconception that bipolar disorder is a rare disease; in fact, about 6 million American adults have some kind of bipolar disorder. [26] Even famous actors like Stephen Fry, Carrie Fisher and Jean-Claude Van Damme have been open about their bipolar disorder. [27] [28]
  • Many times people think that being in a manic or depressed mood is “normal” or even good. It’s true that everyone has good days and bad days, but bipolar disorder causes extreme mood swings and is far more harmful than the “mood swings” on “unlucky days.” The disease disrupts the ability to live and work in life. [29]
  • In addition, people often confuse schizophrenia with bipolar disorder. They are completely different despite sharing some of the same symptoms (e.g. depression). Bipolar disorder is primarily characterized by a shift between extreme stress states. Schizophrenia often causes symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and slurred speech, which are almost absent in bipolar disorder. [30]
  • Many people believe that people with bipolar disorder or depression are dangerous to those around them, while the media’s misinformation promotes this view. In fact, research shows that they absolutely do not have more violent actions than the average person. However, the patient has a tendency to think about or commit suicide. [31]

Talking to Patients

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Avoid using hurtful language. Some people like to joke that they are “mental” even though they don’t have any kind of mental illness. Such statements not only misinform, but also inadvertently trivialize the experiences the sufferer actually has. So you must be careful when discussing mental illness. [32]

  • You need to remember that human beings are a combination of many different abilities, in addition to defects such as disease. That’s why we shouldn’t say catchy phrases like “I think you’re bipolar”. Instead, say, “I think you have bipolar.” [33]
  • When you call someone “as” their disease, you inadvertently reduce their value to a single component. This exacerbates the stigma that often accompanies mental illness, even if you don’t mean it.
  • Try to avoid comforting the patient by saying, “I’m a little bit bipolar” or “I understand how you feel,” sayings are harmful because they only make them feel that you don’t take the illness seriously. full.
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Talk about your concerns with the patient. You may be nervous because you’re afraid it will upset them, but you really should tell them about your thoughts because it helps. Avoiding talking about mental illness is inadvertently endorsing the bad reputation that often accompanies the illness, and encourages patients to mistake them for “bad” or “useless”, to feel ashamed of being sick. When approaching you need to be open, sincere and show empathy. [34]

  • Reassure the sick person that you are always there for them. Bipolar disorder makes people feel very alone, so you should let the person know that you are there to support you with all your might.
  • Admit their illness is real. Trying to downplay the symptoms your loved one has is not a good thing, as it won’t make them feel any better. Instead of telling them it’s “nothing to be afraid of,” you should acknowledge its seriousness but at the same time insist it’s completely treatable. For example: “I know you’re sick because it’s making you do things you’re not yourself. But we can find a solution.”
  • Communicate love and acceptance to the sick person. Especially during periods of depression, they tend to believe that they are worthless and helpless. You need to reconcile that negative belief by showing love and acceptance to the patient himself. Example: “You are very important to me. I’m always worried about you and that’s why I want to help you.”
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Use “sister” or other appropriate pronouns that convey your closeness and love. When talking, it is important that you do not appear to be criticizing or judging them. It’s easy for someone with mental illness to feel like the whole world is against them, so you should act like you’re on the side of your loved one.

  • For example, you could say, “I care about you, and I see problems for you.”
  • There are a number of statements that have an imposing connotation that you should avoid. For example, you should avoid saying things like “I was just trying to help you” or “You need to listen to me.”
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Avoid threats and blame. Perhaps you are concerned about the person’s well-being and feel the need to help them “in any way you can.” However, you absolutely should not use exaggeration, threats, “blame words” or blame to force them to go to the doctor. Saying that only makes them believe that you see something “unusual” in them. [35]

  • Avoid statements like “You’re worrying me” or “Your behavior is weird,” which sound impulsive and make the other person shrink.
  • The type of joking around with the other person’s guilt is also not beneficial. Don’t use the relationship as leverage to force the person to go to the doctor, such as saying, “If you really love me, you should go to the doctor” or “Think about what you’re doing to our family.” . People with bipolar disorder often struggle with feelings of shame and worthlessness, so this expression only worsens the situation.
  • Avoid threats. You can’t force someone to do what you want. You’ll only stress the person out if you say things like “If you don’t go to the doctor, I’ll leave you” or “I won’t buy you a car if you don’t go to the doctor,” that stress can make negative mood.
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Shape the conversation towards health issues. Some people don’t want to accept they have a problem. When people with bipolar are in a manic episode, they feel so “high” that it’s not easy to accept that they have a problem. In contrast, when they are in a depressed mood, they realize that they are not okay but do not see any hope of successful treatment. [36] You should express your concerns as a health-related topic.

  • For example, you might repeat your view that bipolar disorder is just as much a disease as diabetes or cancer. You want them to go to bipolar in the same way you would encourage them to go for cancer treatment.
  • If the person is still reluctant to accept that they are sick, you can suggest that they see a doctor for a symptom, not a “disorder” illness. For example, if you suggest seeing a doctor for insomnia or fatigue, it may be easier to convince them to go to the hospital.
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Encourage the patient to share feelings and experiences. During a conversation you tend to turn your concerns into a lecture in front of the patient. To avoid doing this you should invite them to share their feelings and thoughts. Remember: although you may be affected by their disorder, it’s their help that matters, not you. [37]

  • For example, after sharing your concern, you should say, “Would you like to share your current thoughts?” or “Now that you’ve heard what I wanted to say, what do you think?”.
  • Don’t assume you know how the other person feels. To reassure others it is easy to say “I know how you feel”, but in reality it sounds very arbitrary. You should say something that acknowledges the individual’s feelings without implying that you already know: “Now I understand why that upsets you.”
  • If the person resists and does not accept that he is sick, there should be no arguing about it. You can call your loved one to see a doctor, but you can’t force it to happen.
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Do not dismiss the patient’s thoughts and feelings as “unreal” or unworthy of consideration. Even if this emotion occurs during a depressive episode, it is very real to the eyewitness. So bluntly dismissing the patient’s feelings makes it impossible for them to share their thoughts in the future. Instead, you must take the patient’s feelings seriously and confront the negative thoughts together.

  • For example, if the person thinks that no one loves them and that they are a “bad” person, say something like this: “I know how you feel, and I’m sorry for those feelings. But I want you to know that I love you, that you are a good person and always care about others.”
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Persuade the patient to go to the doctor for screening. Mania and depression are two hallmarks of bipolar disorder. There is a screening test for mania and depression on the Depression and Bipolar Disorders Coalition’s website. [38]

  • This test is confidential and can be done at home, so it is less stressful for the patient and helps them realize the need for treatment.
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Emphasize the specialist’s role in treatment. Bipolar disorder is a very serious illness that, if left untreated, can become serious. You must convince your loved one to see a doctor right away. [39]

  • The first step is to see a GP. [40] They will decide whether the patient needs to see a psychiatrist.
  • Mental health professionals often include psychotherapy in their treatment plans. There are many types of mental health professionals who can provide psychotherapy, including psychiatrists, psychologists, registered nurses or health care professionals, trained counselors, etc. through training. You can ask your doctor or hospital to refer you to a specialist. [41]
  • If medication is determined, the patient should consult a psychiatrist or psychologist for medication, health professionals and counselors can provide psychotherapy but may not prescribe medication. . [42]

Supporting Patients

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Understand that bipolar disorder is a lifelong illness. The combination of drug treatment and psychotherapy has a great positive effect, many patients significantly improve their mood and ability to work and live. However, there is no “cure” for this disease, and symptoms can recur throughout life. In general, you have to be patient with your loved one. [43]
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Actively helping. During a depressive episode, the patient feels almost unable to bear the world around him. At this point you should ask what you can do for them. You can even give specific suggestions if you know what is most likely to affect your loved one. [44]

  • For example, you could say, “You seem to be under a lot of stress lately. Can I babysit for you so you’re free tonight?”
  • If the person is experiencing severe depression, offer some entertainment. You shouldn’t see them as a vulnerable and unapproachable person, just because they have an illness. If you find that they are struggling with symptoms of depression (mentioned in this article), don’t make a big deal out of it and simply say, “I see you’ve been pretty depressed this week, would you like to go to the movies? with you?”
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Monitor symptoms. Monitoring the patient’s symptoms is very helpful. First, they help you and your client know the signs of a mood state, and are a useful source of information for your doctor or mental health professional. Second, you’ll find out what’s driving the mania or depression. [45] [46]

  • Warning signs of a manic state include: poor sleep, feeling excited, easily frustrated, restlessness, and elevated activity levels.
  • Warning signs of depression include: fatigue, disturbed sleep habits (sleeping more or less), difficulty concentrating, loss of interest in things you once enjoyed, withdrawal from social activities, change the taste.
  • The Depression and Bipolar Disorder Support Alliance offers a personalized calendar for symptom tracking. You should try it because it might be helpful for the sick person. [47]
  • Triggers for these mood states include stress, substance abuse, and lack of sleep. [48]
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Check the patient’s medication status. Gentle reminders can be beneficial for some people, especially when they are in a manic phase, when their temper becomes erratic or forgetful. Sometimes the person thinks he is getting better, so he stops taking the medicine. You help the patient stay on course, but don’t speak in an accusing tone. [49] [50]

  • For example, “Did you take your medicine today?” That’s a perfectly fine question.
  • If they say they’re feeling better, remind them of the benefits of medication: “I’m glad you’re feeling better. I think the main reason is because of the drugs. If that’s the case, do I think it’s necessary to continue taking the medication?”
  • It takes weeks for the medication to work, so be patient if your symptoms don’t seem to go away. [51]
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Encourage them to stay healthy. In addition to taking medication and seeing a therapist regularly, taking care of your physical health can also help relieve symptoms. [52] People with bipolar disorder have a higher risk of obesity. [53] You should encourage them to eat healthily, exercise regularly and moderately, and sleep well.

  • Patients with bipolar disorder often report unhealthy eating habits, including skipping meals or eating unhealthy foods. [54] Encourage a balanced diet that includes fruits and vegetables, complex carbohydrates such as beans and whole grains, lean meat and fish. [55]
    • Eating omega-3 fatty acids may combat symptoms of bipolar disease. Some studies show that omega-3 fatty acids have the ability to reduce depression, especially fatty acids in cold water fish. Fish like salmon and tuna and vegetarian foods like walnuts and flaxseeds are good sources of omega-3s. [56]
    • Convince the patient to avoid excessive caffeine consumption. Caffeine can trigger unwanted symptoms in people with bipolar disorder. [57]
  • Convince the patient to avoid alcohol. Patients with bipolar disorder are five times more likely to abuse alcohol and other substances than the general population. Alcohol is a depressant and can lead to a severe depressive state, and it also interferes with the effects of some medications. [58]
  • Regular moderate exercise, especially exercise that increases heart rate, improves mood and general well-being of people with bipolar disorder. [59] [60] [61] But most importantly, patients must exercise regularly, because most of them often have a habit lazy to exercise. [62]
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Take care of yourself. Friends and relatives of people with bipolar disorder also need to care for themselves. You can’t help anyone if you’re exhausted and stressed out.

  • Research shows that if caregivers are stressed, it’s harder for the patient to pursue treatment. Taking care of yourself is helping your loved one. [63]
  • A support group can help you learn how to cope with a loved one’s bipolar disorder. In the US, the Depression and Bipolar Disorder Support Coalition offers online support groups [64] and local groups. [65] also has many such programs. [66]
  • Remember to get enough sleep, eat well, and exercise regularly. If you have such healthy habits, then the sick person also tends to follow to keep the body healthy. [67]
  • Take action to reduce stress. Know your limits and ask others for help when needed. Activities such as meditation and yoga can be helpful in reducing restlessness.
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    Watch for suicidal thoughts and actions. Suicide is a real risk for people with bipolar disorder. They are more likely to think about or commit suicide than people with major depression. If your loved one mentions suicide, even if it’s just a small talk, you need to find a way to help them right away. Do not promise to keep such actions or thoughts secret. [68] [69]

    • If the person is in urgent danger, you must call 911 immediately. [70]
    • Ask the patient to call the emergency room if they have suicidal thoughts, or if in the US, the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline (1-800-273-8255). [71]
    • Reassure the person that you love them and that their life is meaningful, even if they may not see it right now.
    • You shouldn’t ask them not to feel this way or that, because feelings are real and they can’t be changed. Instead, you need to focus on actions they can control. For example: “I realize this is difficult for you, and I’m glad you said it. You just keep speaking your mind. I’m here to help you.”

    • Advice

    • Bipolar disorder, like any other mental illness, is no one’s fault. Not the patient’s and not yours. Be kind and empathetic with the patient.
    • Don’t do everything just because of that illness. People tend to think that they should treat the patient as gently as a child, or do everything for the benefit of the patient. You should remember that their life is not only with diseases, but also with hobbies, passions and emotions. You let them have fun and enjoy their life.

    Warning

    • People with bipolar disorder are at high risk of suicide. If a friend or loved one has this disease and they start talking about suicide, you should take that word seriously, and seek psychiatric treatment right away.
    • If they are in crisis, you should call a medical professional or a suicide prevention hotline before calling the police. There have been incidents of police intervention in the case of a mentally ill patient, resulting in injury or even death. If possible, seek help from someone who has specialized knowledge and training in dealing with people with mental illness. [72] [73] [74]

    Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes changes in mood, activity levels, energy, and ability to live and work every day. Although nearly 6 million American adults have the condition, like other mental illnesses, bipolar disorder is often misunderstood. They often say someone is “bipolar” if the person exhibits any mood swings, but in reality the criteria for diagnosing bipolar are much stricter. There are many types of bipolar disorder [1] and all are serious, but they are treatable with a combination of medication and psychotherapy. [2] If you want to help people with bipolar disorder, you should find out more information in the article below.

    Thank you for reading this post How to Recognize Bipolar Disorder at Tnhelearning.edu.vn You can comment, see more related articles below and hope to help you with interesting information.

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