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This article was co-written by Pippa Elliott, MRCVS. Elliott is a veterinarian with more than thirty years of experience in veterinary surgery and pet treatment. She graduated from the University of Glasgow in 1987 with a degree in veterinary surgeon. She has worked at a veterinary clinic in her hometown for more than 20 years.
There are 9 references cited in this article that you can view at the bottom of the page.
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Dwarf rabbits look adorable, but you’ll have a lot of work to do when you want to keep them as pets. As with any other animal, your hard work will pay off for you and your pet rabbit. When raising dwarf rabbits, you need to give them a comfortable place to live and suitable food. In addition, you must also train the rabbit to use the litter box, know how to hold the rabbit, groom them regularly and find entertainment for them. Finally, your rabbit also needs regular neutering and veterinary care.
Steps
Provide shelter and food for rabbits
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Buy an indoor or outdoor rabbit cage. Some people like to let rabbits roam freely around the house, but this may not be the right choice for you. Either way, your rabbit needs a cage. Rabbit cages must be located in a safe and undisturbed place, with a minimum size of 0.6m x 1.2m. The bottom of the cage can be made of plastic or wood (do not use wire mesh as it will hurt the rabbit’s feet). Spread a layer of liner about 5 cm thick on the bottom of the cage.
- Each rabbit needs a litter tray, shelter box, feeding bowl, manger and water bottle in the cage. Each item needs to be more than one so the rabbits don’t have to compete with each other. In the rabbit cage, there must always be Timothy hay and clean water.
- Feed your rabbit Timothy hay pellets and vegetables once a day depending on the size, age and weight of the rabbit.
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Build a fence for the rabbit to exercise. You can build a fence on your outdoor lawn that doesn’t use fertilizer and doesn’t have other animals using the lawn. You can also design an enclosed area in your house for your rabbit to play. If you’re using a gated fence in your home, you should read up on home improvements to protect rabbits and their belongings.
- If you let your rabbit play outside, never leave it unattended. Many predators can easily catch rabbits.
- A little sunbathing will be beneficial for rabbits, because then their bodies will make vitamin D, which is essential for strong bones. However, don’t leave your rabbit outdoors for too long in the hot sun, as it can overheat.
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Place the litter tray in the rabbit’s cage. Rabbits have a habit of urinating in the same area rather than going everywhere. Place the litter tray in the rabbit’s cage where you see most of the rabbit’s feces and urine. This way, the rabbit’s cage will be cleaner, and cleaning the cage will be easier for you.
- Choose organic materials made from alfalfa, oats, or paper to put in your rabbit’s litter box.
- Do not use shavings of soft wood, as this material can damage the rabbit’s liver.
- Wash the toilet tray with vinegar.
- Your rabbit will be more comfortable with the litter box if it has been neutered and the litter box is in a quiet, safe place. [1] X Research Source
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Continuously provide hay for rabbits. Hay is a staple of any rabbit’s diet. Your rabbit should always have access to a fresh and unlimited source of hay. Don’t use alfalfa because it’s not good for rabbits. You should choose Timothy hay or some other hay for your rabbit to eat.
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Feed your rabbit rabbit pellets every day. Choose high-quality brand rabbit pellets with no added nuts or sugar. Avoid using mixed pellets, as your rabbit will only choose what he likes, which can lead to nutritional deficiencies over time. You should feed your rabbit ¼ cup (15 g) of pellets for every 2.3 kg of rabbit weight. Timothy hay is suitable for rabbits over 7 weeks old.
- Change the rabbit’s food twice a day to keep it fresh.
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Feed your rabbit fresh vegetables. You should feed your rabbit 2 cups (70 g) of green vegetables per day. A piece of carrot, apple (seedless), banana, or strawberry are great treats for your dwarf bunny. Be sure to find out which fruits or vegetables are safe for rabbits, as some can be toxic.
Training rabbits to go to the toilet
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Use rabbit hygiene materials. This product is usually made from grain or paper, and comes in the form of pellets. This material not only absorbs rabbit urine and droppings, but rabbits can also occasionally nibble. [2] X Research Source
- You can purchase this product at a pet store or online.
Tip: Rabbits can play with the litter box and splash it out. Although annoying, don’t forget that your bunny is just having fun.
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Place the litter box where the rabbit has urinated. Your rabbit will instinctively choose a spot to pee, so put the litter box there. Usually this position will be the corner of the cage away from the food place. If you put the litter box where the rabbit has gone, it will want to go there. [3] X Research Sources
- You should place the litter tray in the cage and also in the rabbit’s playground to encourage him to always use the litter box.
- If your rabbit doesn’t use the litter box, you need to find out where it goes to the toilet, then move the litter box there.
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Put some rabbit waste in the litter box. Scoop some rabbit feces and urine into the litter box. Rabbits will smell the urine in the tray and know it can defecate in it. [4] X Research Sources
- You only need a little bit of rabbit waste to guide it.
Holding a rabbit
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Approach the rabbit slowly and lower yourself down. In the wild, rabbits are hunted prey, so they are easily frightened. Don’t startle the rabbit or hover over it. Instead, lower yourself down to the level of the rabbit and slowly approach it. When approaching your rabbit, you should speak in a gentle voice so it knows you are coming. [5] X Research Sources
- You can say “Hi, dear rabbit. Don’t be afraid.”
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Limit lifting the rabbit. Rabbits don’t like being picked up much, nor do they like to be held or petted, so the less you do, the better. Your rabbit will usually jump out, but over time, trusting, it can settle into your lap. If you do pick up the rabbit, you should reassure it by supporting the rabbit’s hind legs with one hand, and gently pressing it to your chest with the other hand.
- Never pick up a rabbit by grabbing its ears. [6] X Research Sources
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Place your hand under the rabbit’s belly and bottom as you lift it. Remember to support the rabbit’s butt so it doesn’t kick. Rabbits instinctively kick their hind legs to escape when you lift it, but this move can injure the rabbit’s spine, leading to the risk of serious injury. [7] X Research Sources
- Always put one hand under the rabbit’s bottom when holding it.
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Hold your rabbit close to you so it feels secure. Don’t forget, your rabbit is small and shy. Usually it will get scared when you lift it off the ground. Hold the rabbit close to you so it feels safe and less squirming. [8] X Research Sources
Tip: Don’t try to pick up your rabbit until you’re sure it already trusts you. If your rabbit panics, his instincts will urge him to do whatever it takes to escape, despite the risk of injury.
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Squat to put the rabbit down. Don’t put your arms down, as your rabbit may panic when dropped like that. Hold the rabbit close to your body and squat down to the ground, then slowly lower your arms and release the rabbit safely on the ground. [9] X Research Source
- Avoid letting the rabbit jump out of your arms, even when low. This increases the risk of injury to the rabbit.
Grooming rabbits
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Check the rabbit’s tail area daily. Observe the rabbit’s fur for urine or feces, as flies can lay eggs in it and hatch into maggots, especially in warm weather. Use a damp rag to clean the rabbit if it is dirty, then check to see if the rabbit’s litter box needs to be replaced. [10] X Research Source
- If your rabbit’s poop is soft or loose, take your rabbit to the vet.
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Brush your rabbit 2-3 times per week with a soft brush. Each breed of dwarf rabbit has a different coat pattern, so brushing can be important or optional, depending on the coat type of rabbit you are keeping. If you have a long-haired rabbit, you will need to clean and detangle it regularly to prevent it from becoming infected. If it’s a short-haired rabbit, you should still brush it to keep it comfortable and attached. [11] X Research Source
- Brush your rabbit several times a week to remove loose hair and prevent the rabbit from swallowing the fur. [12] X Research Source
- Use a comb to remove tangled hair. [13] X Research Source
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Clean your rabbit’s ears weekly by removing debris and wiping. Check the rabbit’s ears for debris such as hay or the bottom lining of the cage. Gently remove debris with your hand or comb, then wipe the rabbit’s ears with a clean, damp cloth, both inside and out. Finally, dry the rabbit’s ears with a clean, soft cloth. [14] X Research Source
- Pick up the crumbs from the rabbit’s ears each time you see them.
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Trim the rabbit’s toenails. Trim your rabbit’s toenails with a sharp rabbit clipper when the nails grow long. Wrap the rabbit in a towel while trimming its claws so you can hold on to it if it struggles. If you’re not sure how to clip your rabbit’s nails properly, take your rabbit to the vet.
- Your rabbit can be seriously injured if you cut its nails without learning how to do it. Ask your veterinarian for guidance before you trim your rabbit’s nails. [15] X Research Source
- Absolutely do not grind your rabbit’s teeth when they grow too long. You can seriously injure your rabbit if you accidentally grind too much. You need to take your rabbit to the vet so they can sharpen the rabbit’s teeth with a special sharpening stone.
Provide pastime for rabbits
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Give your rabbit rabbit toys, bird toys, or hard plastic baby toys. Rabbits are intelligent animals, so they get bored easily. You can entertain them with fun toys like rattles, plastic key chains, and plastic balls. Choose toys that can roll in the cage as well as toys that hang on the roof of the cage and next to the cage. [16] X Research Source
- Keep toy sets for weekly rotation. That way, your bunny always has different toys to play with without you having to constantly buy new ones.
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Give the rabbit a wooden toy to nibble on. Rabbit’s teeth will continuously grow longer, and their instinct is to gnaw something to shorten it. Non-poisonous wooden toys are a great solution to this, as your rabbit will have something to both entertain and take care of his teeth. [17] X Research Source
- Look for wooden toys at a pet store or online. Choose wood that is labeled for small animals to be safe for rabbits.
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Provide tubes and cardboard boxes for rabbits to tear. Rabbits love to tear cardboard, so you can entertain them for hours with tissue rolls and paper boxes. Stuff the hay in toilet paper rolls or just put the paper rolls in the rabbit’s cage to play with. You can also make a rabbit shelter by cutting off the bottom of the cardboard box, then cutting out the doors and windows. [18] X Research Sources
- Clean up old pieces of cardboard when they start to get dirty.
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Make an egg stuffed with rice. Stuff the rice into the plastic egg, attach it with hot glue and let the rabbit play. It will enjoy rolling the egg to crackle. However, you should probably put this toy away at night, because your rabbit will roll the squeaky egg, making you sleepless all night.
Spaying for rabbits
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Understand the benefits of neutering rabbits. Even if you only have one rabbit, you should still have it spayed to improve its health and temperament. If you have more than one rabbit, you will need to neuter each one. Neutering rabbits offers the following benefits: [19] X Research Source
- Reduces the risk of rabbits developing certain cancers, especially cancer of the reproductive organs
- Rabbits are less aggressive
- Rabbits are more attached to people
- Easier to train rabbits to use the litter box
- Preventing urine spray behavior of male rabbits
- Pairs of rabbits live together more safely
- Prevent unwanted baby rabbits from being born.
Tip: Unless you plan to breed rabbits, it’s best to have them spayed. Neutered rabbits will be gentler and reduce the risk of many diseases. The biggest benefit of spaying female rabbits is preventing uterine cancer, a very common disease. [20] X Research Source
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Sterilize male dwarf rabbits when the rabbit is 8-12 weeks old. Rabbit’s testicles begin to drop when they are 2-3 months old. At this point, you can take your rabbit to the vet to have it spayed. Early neutering helps prevent rabbits from developing aggression and territorial behaviors such as biting, growling, or spraying urine. [21] X Research Source
- Separate male and female rabbits when the male rabbit’s testicles begin to drop. Do not put them together again until the male rabbit’s sterilization wound has not healed.
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Sterilize female rabbits when they are 4-8 months old. Female rabbits reach sexual maturity at 4 months of age. However, your veterinarian may advise you to wait until your rabbit is 6 months old before having it spayed for safer surgery. Talk to your doctor to make the right decision for your pet. [22] X Research Source
Veterinary care
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Find a veterinarian who specializes in small animals. Your rabbit has needs that are different from those of dogs and cats, so you need a veterinarian who knows how to care for rabbits. Look for a veterinarian who specializes in treating small animals, as they have the specialized skills needed to care for rabbits. In addition, you should also ask your veterinarian about qualifications and experience to make sure they are capable of treating rabbits.
- Don’t be afraid to ask your doctor questions. Veterinarians are also animal lovers, so they will understand that you want to find the best doctor for your pet.
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Get your rabbit vaccinated. Respiratory poliomyelitis virus is a potentially fatal virus that has been brought to different areas to keep the rabbit population from spiraling out of control. To make sure your rabbit won’t get this virus, you need to have your rabbit vaccinated at 4 weeks old, then get a booster every 6 months for life. [23] X Research Sources
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Remove parasites. Rabbits are usually only infected with parasites such as fleas and ticks/lice. An over-the-counter flea medication such as Advantage or Revpution is an easy-to-use flea medication that you can buy for rabbit fleas. If your rabbit often scratches his ears or the skin around his shoulders is dry, he probably has ticks. Take your rabbit to the vet for tick treatment.
- Consult your veterinarian before giving your rabbit any medication for the correct dosage. If you give too much medicine, you can have disastrous consequences for your rabbit. [24] X Research Source
- Your rabbit is more at risk for fleas if you also have other pets (like dogs or cats) that have had fleas in the past. [25] X Research Sources
Warning
- Children under 9 years old should be supervised when playing with rabbits.
- Do not make loud noises near rabbits. Rabbits have very sensitive ears.
- Don’t leave your rabbit near holes and under furniture lest it get stuck or get lost.
- Beware of anything in the house that could be dangerous to the dwarf rabbit, such as wires and small gaps it could get stuck in.
Things you need
- Large rabbit cage
- Barn Liner
- Fencing/enclosed area for rabbits
- Toilet tray
- Hay
- Rabbit food pellets
- Fresh fruits and vegetables
- Toys for rabbits
- Rabbit nail clipper
- Soft brush
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This article was co-written by Pippa Elliott, MRCVS. Elliott is a veterinarian with more than thirty years of experience in veterinary surgery and pet treatment. She graduated from the University of Glasgow in 1987 with a degree in veterinary surgeon. She has worked at a veterinary clinic in her hometown for more than 20 years.
There are 9 references cited in this article that you can view at the bottom of the page.
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Dwarf rabbits look adorable, but you’ll have a lot of work to do when you want to keep them as pets. As with any other animal, your hard work will pay off for you and your pet rabbit. When raising dwarf rabbits, you need to give them a comfortable place to live and suitable food. In addition, you must also train the rabbit to use the litter box, know how to hold the rabbit, groom them regularly and find entertainment for them. Finally, your rabbit also needs regular neutering and veterinary care.
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