How to Grow a Pine Tree

Pine is an evergreen tree with a wide variety of species. Young pine trees require special care and strict protection from animals and harsh sunlight during their first years. Once stronger, the pine tree can grow on its own for decades. You should only plant pine trees with seeds when you are really determined and willing to accept difficulties, otherwise, it is best to buy seedlings for planting that will have a higher success rate.

Table of Contents

Planting Pine Tree Seedlings

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Choose pine varieties that are best suited to the type of soil and weather conditions where you live. Some common varieties used as ornamentals include white pine, North American pine, and Scottish pine. Ask the seller about the necessary environmental conditions if you live in a different climate or altitude than where the seedlings are sold.

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You need to decide whether to choose a bare root seedling or a potting plant. Bare-rooted pine trees should be planted in late fall and winter, when the tree is dormant. ^{[1] X Source of Research} Seedlings with potting soil can be planted at any time, however, the plants need to be shaded during the hottest summer months to avoid sunlight as well as supplemented with water to prevent dehydration.

Most seedlings can be stored for several weeks at 2 – 3 ºC, but you should ask the seller carefully in case the variety you buy has special storage conditions. ^{[2] X Research Source}

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Water and rearrange the roots if necessary. The roots should be kept moist until planting, but do not soak the roots in water. This can kill the tree. If the roots are woven into a solid mass that hugs the potting soil, gently straighten the main root branches so they can spread out. ^{[3] X Research Sources}

Some seedlings are usually sold with a small potting soil around the roots. Try to keep the soil from falling off when rearranging the roots.

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Choose a suitable area for planting. Each pine tree needs to have an open space, without the seedling as well as the underground root system of the big tree around. Choose a location where the plant can receive direct sunlight even during the coldest parts of the day.

If you can’t plant a pine tree in the shade on the west side of the tree, see the instructions below for creating artificial shade for the tree.
Sand and humus are the most suitable mixes for pine trees, but you should only mix suitable organic mulch such as moss if the soil is hard clay. ^{[4] X Research Sources}
Choose a well-draining site. A 30 cm deep hole filled with water must be drained within 12 hours. If not, you need to install a drainage system for the tree.

“If you want to plant several pine trees next to each other, you should plant them three to four meters apart.”

Maggie Moran

Gardener

Maggie Moran is a professional gardener in Pennsylvania.

Maggie Moran
Gardener

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Choose a date to plant the tree. Do not plant on windy, dry days or temperatures above 30 ºC. The soil may not be able to tolerate water or ice on the day you plant it, nor may it tolerate drought. ^{[5] X Research Sources}

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Dig a hole wider than the roots and line the bottom of the hole with a layer of soil mixed with manure. Should choose the best quality soil, spread to the bottom of the pit a layer about 10 cm thick after digging. Make sure the hole is wide enough to cover the roots even after adding a layer of soil underneath. ^{[6] X Research Source}

Warning : contact an environmental company to find out where the underground water lines are before digging a planting hole.
Try to plant the plants at the same height as the nursery. If you are unsure, it is best to plant the tree at a higher height instead of a lower one.
If you want to plant more than 1 pine tree, plant them 3 to 4 meters apart so that the tree can mature without obstruction. Some species of pine may require more space, such as the large Australian pine. ^{[7] X Research Sources}

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Remove the potting bag or wrap around the plant. Although mulch and other organic compounds are biodegradable and can be left behind when planting, you should still carefully remove the mulch to create favorable conditions for the plant to grow.

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Gently place the root manure in the hole and cover with soil. Fill the hole with soil, while shoveling the soil regularly use a shovel to beat down to compact the soil, taking care not to step on it with your feet. ^{[8] X Research Source} Shovel soil into the hole until it is level with the surrounding ground or slightly below in case you live in a dry climate, so water will be able to drain into the base of the tree.

If needed, you can have someone hold the plant upright while backfilling it.

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Only plant stakes if the tree cannot stand on its own. You should only put stakes for trees if the place where you plant the tree often has sudden strong winds. If you’re afraid that the wind might knock the tree over, use a stake or two tied together, taking care to leave enough room for the plant to grow. ^{[9] X Research Source} Avoid tying the rope directly around the tree.

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Protect the pine tree from the sun. You can create a sunshade to protect the pine tree from canvas or plywood sheets. But it is better to plant the tree in the shade of large trees or from surrounding buildings. It is advisable to find a shady place on the west side of the tree, the sun in this direction will radiate the hottest temperature of the day.

Caring for a Baby Tree

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Regularly spread the mulch around the base of the tree. Sawdust is a cheap and good additive for pine trees. Spread a layer of humus about a few centimeters thick around the tree except around the base.

Although the mulch helps to limit weeds and create favorable conditions for plants to grow, you should still remove weeds or small plants growing around if any.
Plastic screens should not be used under the mulch layer. Plants need air and water to absorb nutrients from the humus layer. ^{[10] X Research Source}

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The amount of water needed for the tree depends on the variety of pine you grow, the weather conditions and the soil. Instead of following a certain guideline, you should pay attention to moistening the soil around the plant, here are a few suggestions for you: ^{[11] X Research Source}

The soil feels moist and when picked up, if not loosened, do not need to water more because too much water can also cause the roots to be waterlogged. You only need to water when the soil is quite dry and broken, watering until the soil is moist again.
Water well in the fall so the plant can store water for the winter. Additional watering throughout the winter will help prevent the plant from drying out, which is extremely dangerous when the plant likes humid weather.

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Protect the pine tree from animals. A plywood sunshade can also work to repel animals. However, if you live in an area with a lot of deer or other large wildlife, it’s a good idea to use plastic pipes or a mesh fence around the seedlings. ^{[12] X Research Source}

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Protect young pine trees from harmful insects. Pine trees can attract a number of pests such as weevils, wood-eating insects such as bark beetles, and hairpins that spread roundworms. Whether they can kill the tree or not, the damage is certain. ^{[13] X Research Source}

Many pests can be controlled with chemicals, you can spray insecticides and fungicides on young plants. To be able to kill pests, you may need to spray several times because the larval stage of the insect can still live under the bark and be unaffected.
You can also prevent pests by taking good care of your plants. Keep plants healthy, for example, pests are less likely to attack healthy young plants. Plant the tree in medium soil so it has strong roots, and regularly check the tree for dead or dead branches.
Planting pine varieties (such as white pine) with trees or under the canopy of other trees can protect them from spruce beetles.
It is best to remove damaged, susceptible plants. Always uproot and destroy trees that have died from wood beetles.

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Prune only dead or diseased branches. Pine trees do not need to be pruned to regulate their growth, even this can adversely affect the tree’s growth. You only need to cut dead or diseased branches closest to the base of the tree to form nodules between the canopy and the base. ^{[14] X Trusted Source Virginia Cooperation Extension Go to source}

Growing Pine Trees from Seeds

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Know how long this process will take. Growing pine trees from seeds is a lengthy and challenging process. You need to harvest the seeds when the pinecones are ripe, mostly in the spring. You need to prepare the seeds for 30 to 60 days depending on the variety and climate according to the following procedure before planting the plant in the pot. Seedlings will grow very slowly and may take up to a year before they can be planted outside without the risk of dying. ^{[15] X Research Source}

While most pine cones ripen between August and October, some species, such as the Scottish pine, take until March to ripen. ^{[16] X Research Sources} The climate where you live is also an important factor. Read the description of ripe pine cones carefully to know how to choose pinecones.
See Growing Pine Trees from Seedlings for a quicker and simpler method of growing a tree.

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Harvest pine nuts. There are two types of pine cones: male and female pines. Only female pine cones have seeds. Choose large pine cones with eyes that are not fully open. If the eyes are fully open, the pine nuts inside may have fallen out. ^{[17] X Research Source}

You can pick up fallen pine cones or pick them directly from the tree by gently twisting the pine cones off the branch. ^{[18] X Research Source} Female pines are usually found on tall branches, so you may need a ladder or pole to pick them.
Choose brown or purple pine cones because green pine cones are unripe and the seeds cannot be used.
Pines with more fruit will give better quality seeds. ^{[19] X Research Source}

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Dry the pinecones on a warm, dry surface. If possible, dry the pinecones in direct sunlight so that the pine eyes open so you can get the seeds. You can warm the room to speed up this process, but do not let the temperature exceed 45 ºC. ^{[20] X Research Sources}

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Split grain. Each eye usually has one or two seeds inside, sometimes with a thin “wing” to make it easier to catch the wind. Shake the pinecones in a tray covered with duffle or mesh about 1 cm thick so that the seeds fall out of the net.

Gently shake the canvas so that the pine nuts can be obtained more easily.
You can either use tweezers to pick out the sticky seeds, or else just pick up some more seeds from a few more pine cones.

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Place the seeds in a jar filled with filtered water and soak for 24 to 48 hours. Use water at room temperature. Not only does this provide water for the seeds to start growing, but it is also a way to test which seeds are likely to germinate. The firm, good-quality seeds will gradually sink to the bottom of the jar. Empty and damaged particles will float to the top. ^{[21] X Research Source}

Trim a few of the largest seeds that emerge to check that they are indeed hollow seeds. If the seeds are firm inside, wait a little longer for the seeds to continue to sink to the bottom.
Remove all floating seeds after completing this step. These seeds are completely unusable.
Large-scale nurseries often run seed bags under running water to remove infectious pathogens. This is difficult to do at home, but you can pay attention to change the water every 12 or 24 hours.

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Decide whether to store the seeds before planting. Newly harvested pine nuts in the fall can be planted immediately. However, it is also very good if the new pine nuts are incubated in a special environment that helps speed up germination and reduce the possibility of seeds rotten after planting. ^{[22] X Research Sources} Seed incubation that simulates this ideal natural condition is called seed stratification .

Different types of pine are suitable for different conditions. It’s a good idea to look up the type of pine you’re growing in your local crop identification book or online if you have one, and find out how long the “seed stratification” process takes. If you cannot find this information, the method below will also work very well as long as you can check the seed growth regularly.
In general, pine can grow in the relatively warm climates of the south (but not in very high places) usually without stratification before sowing, just storing in a dry place at room temperature. room. Meanwhile, pine species living in colder and harsher climates will not be able to grow without incubation in a cold, humid environment. ^{[23] X Research Sources}

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For small quantities of pine nuts, incubate the seeds in moist paper towels. If you have a handful of seeds or less, this is the easiest method to apply. Stack the tissue paper in a stack of 3 to 6 mm thick. Add just enough water to moisten the entire stack, then hold one corner of the stack upright so excess water can drain out. Spread the seeds on half of the paper, then fold the stack in half to cover the seeds. Place the pad in a zippered food storage bag or similar plastic bag and store it in the refrigerator at 5 ºC.

You can insert a straw or plastic tube into the mouth of the bag before zipping to allow air to circulate and ensure the environment has enough oxygen. ^{[24] X Research Sources}
Note : Pine nuts absorb nutrients after many weeks in a dark, warm environment before being put in the refrigerator. The incubation time of each type of pine varies considerably depending on the species of tree. You should search for specific information online if you can determine what type of pine nuts you have.

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For large quantities of seeds, incubate the seeds in a cheesecloth bag. Immediately after the seed soaking process is complete, place up to 0.2 kg of seeds in a square cheesecloth or other soft cloth and tie. Hang or hold the bag for a minute to allow excess water to drain. Insert the cloth bag of seeds into a plastic bag and tie the top of the bag so that the water continues to drain and the seeds do not become submerged. Hang the bag in the refrigerator at 5 ºC.

Note : If you can identify the variety of pine you are growing, look up information online about the “stratification process” for that variety. You should also keep the bag of seeds in a warm place before putting them in the refrigerator.

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Check seed germination at weekly intervals. When the seed begins to germinate, it will peel off and the roots will sprout. Depending on the pine variety and seed, this process can take anywhere from three weeks to several years, though you don’t need to incubate the seeds that long before planting. ^{[25] X Research Sources}

For seeds that don’t germinate after several weeks, you can stimulate them by letting them dry and then repeating the incubation process.
If the growing season has passed or if you want to store the seeds until next year, let the seed coat dry but still be slightly moist inside and store the seeds in the refrigerator. Regularly check to make sure the seeds are not germinating.

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Sow the seeds into tubes or pots with the potting mix. Pine nuts are very susceptible to disease and rodent infestation if planted in the soil outdoors. Try to buy plastic pipes designed for growing pine trees because this is the best way to stimulate the roots to grow long, supporting the growth of the tree. ^{[26] X Research Source} If you don’t have a planter tube, you can use small pots instead.

Instead of using conventional soil, use a special potting mix or mix your own with 80% pine bark and 20% moss. ^{[27] X Research Source}
Press the seeds into the ground with the roots facing down.
If you still have the plant in the house, place the pot on a high table to prevent mice from attacking.

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Take care of seedlings. Follow the instructions in Caring for a Young Pine Tree for the most appropriate care. With the right level of light and water, after a year or two depending on the variety, the seedlings are ready to be transferred to a higher tube or pot.

Pine trees grow well in bright conditions, but young pine trees are also quite sensitive and vulnerable during the hottest part of the day. Place the plant in a shaded area in the afternoon, such as near an east-facing window.
Always provide enough moisture for the plant, but do not allow the plant to become waterlogged.
Carefully transfer the plant to a larger pot once it reaches 5 cm for small conifers and 10 to 15 cm for medium tubes or pots.

Advice

You should consult a horticulturalist or post pictures of pine cones or seedlings on gardening websites to determine what type of pine you have. This will help you determine exactly how to best care for your tree. This is especially important if you grow plants from seeds.
See also the common tree problems directory for problems with sick trees and how to fix them.
Although pine is an evergreen tree, the tree can still shed some leaves in the fall. You should only worry if this happens in other seasons, your pine tree is most likely infected.

Things you need

For seedlings :

Sawdust or other mulch
Shovel or fly
Piles and lanyards (usually not necessary)
Shade (if there is no natural shade in the afternoon)
A trellis or any other item (if the area is surrounded by large animals)

Give seeds

Pine cones (see detailed instructions on how to choose pine cones)
Tissue paper or canvas bag
Zippered bag
Refrigerator or cool environment

Warning

While most people use moist sand or mossy silt for seed incubation, these methods carry a greater risk of seed contamination than those introduced here.
Fertilizer is usually not necessary for pine trees and if used improperly can burn the tree. Fertilizers should only be used under the guidance of a specialist.

Steps