What is a hand drill and screwdriver? Features and uses of each type

Drills, hand-held screwdrivers are tools that appear a lot in repair, assembly and construction jobs. So what is this hand tool? Let’s find out the characteristics and uses of each type of drill with Tnhelearning.edu.vn!

What is a drill and screw machine?

What is a hand drill?

A hand drill can simply be understood as a machine capable of making a round hole in the material with the help of a cutting tool called a drill. This is a very commonly used tool in construction, installation, metalworking, woodworking, handmade crafts, workshops, factories, etc.

What is a screwdriver?

A screwdriver, also known as a screwdriver or a screwdriver, is a hand-held device that works with the function of screwing and tightening screws deep inside the surface of materials such as wood, walls, concrete, …

Main parts on drilling machine

1. Body including handle

2. Power supply for the machine

3. The starter kit includes adjusting the motor’s voltage and rotation direction.

4. Brush and brush holder

5. The rotor of the motor (the part of the motor that rotates)

6. Motor stator (motor part is stationary)

7. Cooling fan

8. Drive gear

9. Drill shaft

10. Drill chuck mounted on the drill shaft of the drill

11. Motor shaft bearings

Basic mechanism of action

After supplying power or inserting batteries into the drill and squeezing the switch:

– For brush motor: the brush will be in continuous contact and slide on the commutator surface (or contact slip ring) by leaf spring or push coil spring. Thereby maintaining power to the rotor to help the drill operate.

– For brushless motors : based on the mechanism to determine the position of the rotor to control the current into the corresponding stator winding, otherwise the motor cannot change the direction of rotation and start automatically. Therefore, brushless motors always need a dedicated controller, which coordinates with the hall sensor to control the motor.

What types of drills and screwdrivers are there?

Sort by source of activity

If classified according to the source of operation, drilling machines are divided into 2 types:

Electric drill

Electric drills use electricity directly from the grid and are usually more powerful than battery drills. Therefore, the electric drill has the ability to operate stably so that it can maximize the inherent capacity of the machine.

Battery drill

The battery drill uses energy supplied from the battery, with high mobility thanks to the absence of entanglement about the power cord and the location of the electrical outlet used. In general, the battery drill has an average capacity and can work effectively for a long time.

Most of the drill batteries are rechargeable batteries, which are Li-Ion batteries that have many outstanding advantages over NiCd batteries and NiMH batteries.

Classification according to the principle of operation and function

If classified according to the principle of operation and function, drilling machines are divided into the following types:

Rotary Drilling Machine

Rotary drill, also known as a regular drill, can drill on wood, thin iron and supports unscrewing – tightening screws but does not have a chisel function. Because it is only equipped with 1 level of drilling with no-load speed of about 2500 rpm , the machine is quite cheap.

This type of machine usually uses two types of clamps, which are normal clamps and mandrel heads with sizes from 1.5 to 10 mm .

Dynamic Drilling Machine

The dynamic drill generates impact force based on the operating principle of a piston driven by a crankshaft. This piston acts like a cylinder and generates air pressure that pushes the drill bit forward to generate force.

This series of drills can drill wood, metal, thin walls and porous concrete and even screw screws with modes such as rotary and reciprocating motion. Besides, the machine usually has no-load speed from 1100 – 2800 rpm in drilling mode and beating speed 3600 – 4800 times/minute in hammer mode.

In addition, this type of drill is also known for using the same clamp as a regular drill. However, the size is a bit large, about 1.5 – 13 mm .

Hammer drill (concrete drilling machine)

Hammer drills, also known as concrete chisels or impact drills, usually have a strong capacity to be able to drill well on hardwood, metal, walls, concrete and especially concrete. .

This is a type of drill with an impact mechanism that produces a hammer motion, usually with no-load speed above 1000 rpm and a beating speed of more than 4000 times/minute .

Common drilling modes on hammer drills are usually: rotary motion, translational combined rotation and translational only.

If the impact mechanism of the hammer drill is disabled, the tool can be used like a regular drill to perform tasks such as normal drilling, screwing. In addition, the body is quite expensive.

Angle Drilling Machine

Angle drill supports drilling and removing screws in narrow, special locations or in hidden corners that conventional drills cannot do. The machine can work on many different materials such as wood, steel, aluminum, iron, …

Normally, angle drills are usually compact in design, the drill bit is made perpendicular to the body of the machine. This is considered the lightest portable drill of all types.

Multi-function drill

The versatile drill can both drill and screw with a maximum no-load speed of about 1100 rpm . In addition, this series of drills can support hammer drilling on hard concrete surfaces easily.

The machine often comes with a set of specialized tools that help you perform many different types of work such as drilling, cutting, grinding, …

Screwdriver/bolt machine

Screwdrivers/bolts usually have a compact design and use batteries but provide strong torque to facilitate tightening and removing screws and bolts. In addition, some screwdrivers/bolts also support drilling on thin steel and wood.

To screw, the drill uses a hexagonal chuck, which helps users to tighten – remove screws on the surface of the material quickly. In case, to screw bolts, users need to use a square drill head to support tightening – getting nuts and bolts is easier, often used when repairing cars, assembling factories, etc. ..

Dynamic bolt/screwdriver

The dynamic screwdriver/bolt also has the same function as the screwdriver/bolt that Tnhelearning.edu.vn just shared above. However, this machine is based on the principle of operation of a Piston, similar to a dynamic drill. The piston creates air pressure that pushes the drill bit forward to generate force. Thanks to that, the screwing ability is much stronger than conventional screwdrivers.

Notes on use and storage

Screw drills are like other hand tools, in order to use the machine effectively and ensure durability, you need to pay attention to how to use and maintain this tool as follows:

– Always wear safety protective tools before using the machine such as eyeglasses, earcups (to avoid noise of the drill affecting health), protective helmets, etc.

– Use the extra handle of the drill (if available) to better hold and fix the drill.

– Pay attention to the surrounding drilling environment such as electrical wires, flammable substances, … to ensure safety during the working process.

– Pay attention to the posture before drilling: firmly hold the machine and stand firmly, focus on the drilling material to avoid distraction.

– Choose the right drill bit for the drilling material, and install the drill correctly with the correct technique and match the coupling on the drill to ensure safety during the drilling process.

– After installing the drill bit, place the drill upright and press the rotary drill bit test button slightly to check the rotation speed before working on the drill material.

– Turn off the drill immediately when there are signs that the machine is stuck.

– It is recommended to remove the battery if the drill is not used for a long period of time.

– Clean the drill after use, and at the same time pay attention to the maintenance and maintenance of the drill periodically (like about every 3 – 6 months) to maintain the durability of the drill.

Detailed comparison table

Types of drilling machines	Rotary Drilling Machine	Dynamic Drilling Machine	Hammer drill	Angle Drilling Machine	Screw/bolt drill
Power source used	Use electricity, battery	Use electricity, battery	Use electricity, battery	Use electricity, battery	Use battery
Engine	Normal motor, only translational drilling	Motor combined with hammer should be able to hit	Hammer motor with powerful smashing force	Conventional motor, reciprocating rotation	Normal motor, only translational drilling
Drillable material	Wood, plastic, glass and thin iron	Wood, steel, wall, soft concrete	Wood, metal and hard concrete	Wood, plastic, glass and thin iron	Soft, thin material
Capability of screwing	Unprofessional	Unprofessional	Unprofessional	Good support for screwing and bolting in narrow positions	Specializing in screwing and bolting
Working function	Normal drill, screw drill	Normal drill, hammer drill, screw drill	Normal drill, hammer drill, concrete hammer drill	Normal drill, screw drill	Normal drill, screw drill
Price range (updated 8/2022)	From 500 thousand – 4.6 million VND	From 550 thousand – 4 million VND	From 800 thousand – 5 million VND	From 700 thousand – 5 million VND	From 450 thousand – 14.5 million VND

Above is an introduction to hand drills. Hopefully, the information in this article will help you choose the most suitable drilling machine.