What is fast charging? Summary of popular fast charging technologies on smartphones today

Currently, in addition to increasing battery capacity, manufacturers have integrated fast charging technology into smartphones. So what is fast charging technology? Let’s find out with Tnhelearning.edu.vn through the article below!

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What is fast charging on smartphones?

Fast charging technology is simply understood as a feature that helps the phone to charge the battery quickly in a short time. For example, with OPPO’s fast charging technology, you can charge 75% of the battery in just 30 minutes .

In addition, fast charging is basically understood as increasing the current or voltage, for faster charging time, an Adapter (charger) can be used with a large output.

But not all adapters with large outputs will help our phones charge quickly, there are many cases of using chargers with too large output, resulting in a fire or explosion that is dangerous to users.

Working principle of fast charging technology

Working principle of battery

Before going into the working principle of fast charging technology, let’s briefly talk about the principle of operation of the battery on a smartphone.

Every smartphone has a battery, and these batteries provide power in a similar way. Battery cells consist of 2 electrodes (one positive and one negative) and an electrolytic catalyzed reaction that converts compounds into new substances.

Over time, ions – atoms lacking or excess electrons will form in the electrodes , directing electrons to the negative outer terminal of the battery and providing the phone with a charge.

In non-rechargeable batteries, the chemical reactions occur only once . But in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries on smartphones, the reactions are reversible. When the battery discharges, the chemical reaction generates electricity, and when the battery recharges, the chemical reaction absorbs the energy .

Working principle of fast charging

Basically, fast charging technology uses a power source with a high output voltage to charge it faster , after fully charging the battery, the current will be lowered to return to normal charging, thanks to the chip developed by the developer. Integrated in the charger adapter.

Although the current being pushed high or low can affect some electronic components inside, you can rest assured because the manufacturer has carefully calculated to ensure that the phone always in the most stable state, make sure the device remains safe.

Or they upgrade to the adapter to adjust the pressure when starting to charge, lower the voltage when the battery is almost full to ensure the safety of the device to avoid fire and explosion.

Learn about USB charging standards

USB charging standard

The basic USB charging standard only transfers 0.5A current at 5V, which is 2.5W , so basic fast charging technology helps increase these numbers. For example, Huawei’s SuperCharge has a capacity of 5V / 5A (25W) , Adaptive Fast Charging on a genuine Samsung charger is 9V / 1.7A (15W) .

The USB charging standard is divided into 4 types , one with corresponding USB specifications: USB 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 3.1.

USB Power Delivery fast charging standard

Power Delivery is the name of a fast charging standard, designed towards the goal of using a single charging standard for all mobile devices.

Power Delivery technology is often used in conjunction with a USB port (currently Type-C is popular), so it is also known as USB Power Delivery, the new generation iPhone, MacBook, and Google Pixel products are now supported. USB Power Delivery support.

To be able to share with many devices, to meet different charging levels, USB Power Delivery has been designed with 5 charging configurations , ranging from 2.5W up to 100W , and each device will use one profile. corresponding.

Current popular fast charging technologies

Apple Fast Charge via USB Power Delivery

Pros: USB-PD works well with Apple devices.

Cons: It takes a fee to equip this fast charger because Apple phones don’t include a USB-PD cable compatible charger in the box.

Specifications, compatible devices

Since Apple doesn’t pack a USB-C cable or adapter in the box, a Lightning to USB-C cable that supports USB-PD is required, if using a standard Lightning cable with a USB-C to USB-A adapter , the charger will default to the lowest wattage .

Charging speed

Fast charging kicks in when the battery capacity is between 0% and 79% , but stops when it reaches 80% and slows down.

If equipped with additional chargers, users will charge much faster than other ways. Fast-charging iPhone models can charge from 0% to 50% in 30 minutes using USB-PD.

Google Fast Charge via USB Power Delivery

Advantage

• The same USB-PD kit will work with some devices.
• Google provides a fast charger and cable in the box.

Cons: Top speed isn’t as fast as some other manufacturers offer.

Specifications, compatible devices

– Use genuine chargers and cables to charge phones and tablets for maximum charging speed.

– If using a 3rd party accessory , use any USB-C with a power adapter and a USB 2.0 cable. If you use a USB-C to USB-A cable, it will charge your phone more slowly regardless of the connected power supply.

Charging speed

– Can charge quickly from 0% to about 80% but will be slower after that time.

– Also, use the supplied 18W adapter and cable or any third party for the same or better quality.

Qualcomm Quick Charge

Advantage

• One of the most widely implemented charging standards.
• Backwards compatible with older versions of Quick Charge.
• Built-in safety features prevent overheating and short circuits.

Cons: Quick Charge 3.0 doesn’t connect tightly to USB-PD.

Specifications and compatible adapters

– Quick Charge 4.0+ technology is growing in popularity and can be found in phones like LG G8 ThinQ, Razer Phone 2 and Xiaomi Mi MIX 3 and can deliver up to 27W charging performance.

– The widely used Quick Charge 3.0 voltage range is 3.6V min and 20V max , Quick Charge 3.0 speed increments or decrements are used to determine the most effective voltage at any point in charging process.

– At peak voltage, Quick Charge 3.0 can deliver 18W of power.

Charging speed

– The latest version of Quick Charge 4+ can charge the phone to 50% in just 15 minutes . The more popular Quick Charge 3.0 provides about 50% of the battery charge in half an hour .

Quick Charge 4+ took the Razer Phone 2’s large 4,000mAh battery from 18% to 90% in just over an hour.

Safety measures

Quick Charge ‘s smart thermal balance moves current through the path, and sensors monitor temperature in the case and connector to prevent overheating and shorting when charging.

Samsung Adaptive Fast Charging

Advantage

• Integrated into all Samsung devices .
• Compatible with Quick Charge 2.0.
• It is not necessary to use the correct charger that Samsung provides, you can use a Quick Charge charger, USB-PD or even a Samsung charger that supports output from 15W, and the device will receive fast charging.

Cons: Samsung Adaptive Fast Charging is exclusive to Galaxy devices like the Galaxy S9 and Galaxy Note 8.

Specifications, compatible devices

Samsung Adaptive Fast Charging has a peak rating of 9V/2A (18W) , but it’s hard to reach that level in practice, as reaching the fastest charging speeds requires purchasing a certified charger.

Charging speed

Charges about 60% faster than traditional charging and is equipped on most Samsung product lines such as M2019 series (except Galaxy M10), Galaxy A 2019 series, Galaxy S series (from Galaxy S6) and Galaxy Note series (from Galaxy Note 5).

Safety measures

The specifications of fast charging for optimal capacity are difficult to achieve . According to XDA’s detailed analysis of fast charging standards, the Galaxy S8 Plus maintains the coolest temperature among the fast charging flagships on the market.

Motorola TurboPower

Advantage

• Integrated into all Motorola devices.
• Compatible with Quick Charge 2.0.

Cons: Not as fast as some other charging standards.

Specifications and compatible adapters

– TurboPower adapters come in 3 types: TurboPower 15, TurboPower 25 and TurboPower 30. The fastest is TurboPower 30, providing 5V and 5.7A current for about 28.5W.

– Like Samsung Adaptive Fast Charge, users do not need a TurboPower adapter to quickly charge smartphones. Motorola’s charging standard is compatible with any Quick Charge 2.0 adapter (or later).

Charging speed

Motorola claims the TurboPower 30 can deliver up to 15 hours of battery life in 15 minutes .

Safety measures

Equipped with TurboPower’s thermal management hardware designed to prevent slow charging due to extreme heat, and to maintain a steady and fast charging speed.

MediaTek Pump Express

Advantage

• Built-in safety measures prevent overheating and short-circuiting.
• Compatible with Quick Charge 2.0.

Cons: Likely slower than some other fast charging standards.

Specifications and compatible adapters

– Pump Express 2.0+ charges between 5V and 20V and reaches a maximum of 4.5A compared to 5A+ of Pump Express 3.0 and charges in 3 stages : Normally, Turbo 1 and Turbo 2 – the fastest only supports 15W (1.67A).

Pump Express 3.0 has the advantages of being compatible with any USB-PD adapter that supports 3V to 6V at 5A+ and any cable that supports 5A. Pump Express 4.0 is also compatible with USB PD 3.0 programmable power supplies, so any USB-PD 3.0 fast charger will work with it.

Charging speed

Pump Express 3.0 or 4.0 devices can charge up to 75% in 20 minutes. Pump Express 2.0+ devices take approximately 30 minutes to reach the same capacity.

Safety measures

Pump Express implements more than 20 safety mechanisms to prevent short circuits , with Richtek’s system-on-chip technology helping to protect against fluctuations in battery and device temperatures.

OnePlus Dash Charge, Warp Charge

Advantage

• Keep your phone cooler.
• One of the fastest charging standards.
• Adapters included with compatible smartphones.

Cons: High exclusivity.

Specifications and compatible adapters

– Dash Charge operates at a peak of 5V/4A (20W) , which is slightly lower than VOOC’s 5V/5A (25W) and only works with OnePlus phones and wall adapters with car chargers Compatible.

– The external battery of the Dash Charge standard is difficult to use and the OnePlus fast charging standard does not work with an external USB cable, the Dash Charge cable is a bit thicker to accommodate the extra voltage.

– Every OnePlus smartphone comes with a Dash or Warp Charge compatible wall adapter and charging cord .

Charging speed

OnePlus rates Dash Charge at 60% battery in 30 minutes . The OnePlus 3 charged from 2% to 100% in 1 hour and 14 minutes , and Warp Charge took the OnePlus 7 Pro from 15% to 53% in 20 minutes , but it took 1 hour and 10 minutes to get to 100% from 15% .

Safety measures

– Dash and Warp Charge are designed to dissipate heat quickly, because the charger converts the high voltage from the adapter’s power supply into a lower voltage, most of the heat from the converter never reaches the phone and current Stability reduces heat loss.

Dash Charge-compatible devices also have heatsink and thermal management hardware that undergo a thorough five-point safety check.

OPPO VOOC

Advantages: VOOC is the fast charging standard from OPPO, which always ensures the device’s temperature is below 35 degrees while maintaining fast charging speed regardless of what the user is using the smartphone to do. .

Cons: Requires users to use standard chargers and chargers included in the box . If the correct charger and technology provided by OPPO are not used, the device will not receive fast charging.

Specifications and compatible adapters

Up to the present time (April 2020), SuperVOOC 2.0 is OPPO’s latest fast charging technology with a huge 65W charging capacity equipped on the flagship OPPO Find X2.

Charging speed

– Phones that support VOOC can charge up to 75% in 30 minutes . When OPPO RX17 Pro is equipped with Super VOOC, the battery capacity increases from 0% to 40% in just 10 minutes . The latest special, Super VOOC 2.0 can help fully charge OPPO Find X2 with 4,200mAh battery within 38 minutes.

– Currently the market does not provide chargers and power banks 10W – 30W that support this technology. Therefore, you must use the correct manufacturer’s standard charging cable to achieve the highest efficiency and safety.

Huawei SuperCharge

Advantage

• Compatibility with USB-PD.
• Thorough safety measures.
• Adapters included with compatible smartphones.

Cons: Likely slower than some other fast charging standards.

Specifications and compatible adapters

– SuperCharge automatically adjusts the voltage and current to the wall based on the condition of the phone battery and the internal temperature of the phone, supports 3 charging modes – 5V/2A, 4.5V/5A and 5V/4.5A (up to 22.5W). Most recently, at CES 2020, Huawei introduced 55W SuperCharge technology.

– Uses chipset in the charger to regulate voltage, eliminating the need to produce voltage converter heat in the phone. The latest version provides 10V/4A for up to 40W of power.

– Thanks to Huawei’s Smart Charge protocol, intelligently switches between charging modes depending on which charger is plugged in.

Charging speed

SuperCharge 55W can charge the Mate X to 85% battery in just 30 minutes.

Safety measures

– Huawei’s intelligent charging protocol, an exclusive part of the SuperCharge spec, helps determine the charging capacity of the charger and cable and reduce the voltage accordingly.

In addition, SuperCharge uses specialized Google- optimized components to handle higher currents, including an eight-layer cooling system and a special lining that keeps devices up to 5 degrees Celsius cooler than other fast charging standards.

Hopefully the above article will give an overview of fast charging technology on phones, if you have any questions, please share with Tnhelearning.edu.vn!