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Water can be purified by a variety of methods, such as using a filter, chemical treatment, or boiling. You need to clean the water whenever there is reason to suspect that the water may be contaminated. Often this is necessary if you are camping in the wilderness or there is a problem with your water supply at home. Whatever the reason, water purification is a way to remove dirt and contaminants as well as kill germs so you have clean water to drink without worrying about getting sick.
Steps
Removes large particles
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Pure water. For water contaminated with large particles such as gravel, insects, plants or soil, you can filter out the pollutants. [1] X Research Source Line a mesh strainer with a cheesecloth, a clean dish towel, even a clean cotton shirt. Place the sieve over the rim of the bowl and pour the water through the sieve to remove particulate matter.
- Note that this water filtration will only remove large particles, not pathogens, heavy metals or other pollutants.
DIY filter. You can also make your own water filter to remove sediment in the water. You will need some materials, but you can improvise with substitutes if necessary, such as:
- Use maple bark to roll up a funnel instead of bottles and caps.
- Use a shirt or towel in place of the coffee filter.
- Use nuts, roots or grass in place of the filter. [2] X Research Source
Use the sedimentation method. When there is no means to filter the water, you can remove large particles by settling the water. Take the water in a bowl or pitcher and let it sit for 1-2 hours. During settling, heavier particles will sink to the bottom and lighter ones will float to the surface. [3] X Research Sources
- Discard any light particles that float to the surface of the water.
- To remove heavier scale, you would pour the water slowly and gently into a clean bowl or pitcher. Stop pouring before the water reaches the bottom so that heavier particles stay in the container.
Chemical water treatment
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Use tablets to filter and disinfect the water. The water filter tablets contain chlorine dioxide or iodine that kill bacteria and viruses. Use water filter tablets by pouring water into the jar and put the water filter in to treat the water. Normally, 1 tablet treats 1 liter of water, and it takes 30 minutes to 4 hours to work. [4] X Research Sources
- Water purifier tablets do not treat water contaminated with protozoa or chemicals.
- Iodine tablets are generally not suitable for pregnant women and people with seafood allergies.
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Clean the water with a small amount of bleach. Bleach can be used to kill viruses and bacteria in water, but it is important to use only small amounts to avoid poisoning. Bleach must have an expiration date to be effective. The way to clean water with this chemical is as follows: [5] X Research source
- Pour water into a jar or jar.
- Mix 4 drops (1/16 teaspoon) of bleach per quart of water.
- Shake or stir the solution.
- Let the solution stand for 30 minutes.
Purify water with iodine. Liquid iodine can also be used to kill pathogens in water, but many people don’t like the taste of it. To purify water with iodine, you just need to fill the tank with water and add a 2% iodine solution. Add 4 drops of bleach per quart of water and let it sit for 30 minutes. [6] X Research Sources
Filter pollutants
Use commercial water filtration equipment. Commercial water purifiers are the easiest and most effective means of removing scale, pathogens, metals and other contaminants from water. Water filters are composed of special materials such as coal, carbon, ceramic, sand and fabric that are specifically designed to filter out hazardous pollutants. [7] X Research Sources There are many types of water purifiers that you can use, including:
- The upstream water filtration system will filter all the water supplied to the house.
- Point-of-use water purifiers are attached to certain faucets and filter the water that comes out of the faucet. [8] X Research Sources
- The tabletop water dispenser is manually filled with water
- Water bottles and straws with water filters [9] X Research source
- Portable UV water purifiers that kill bacteria, viruses and other pollutants are used to treat small amounts of water.
Filter out pathogens with pine. Some plants are very good at eliminating pathogens in water, and pine trees are among the most effective. You can break some pine branches to kill bacteria and viruses in the water. Peel the bark on the pine branches and put the bare branches in the bucket. Slowly pour water in small jets over the pine branches to flow into the bucket. [10] X Research Source
- When water flows onto the sap inside the branches, the sap filters and captures the pathogens in the water.
Remove heavy metals with coriander. Similar to the pine tree that eliminates pathogens, coriander is also very effective in removing heavy metals in water. Fill a pitcher with water and add a handful of coriander. Stir in the water and let the cilantro sit in the water for at least 1 hour. Throw away the cilantro before drinking the water. [11] X Research Source
- Coriander has been shown to remove lead and nickel from water, but has not been shown to be effective against other heavy metals such as arsenic and mercury.
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Filter the water through a clay pot to remove bacteria. Clay and ceramic are porous materials, which allow water to flow through but retain bacteria, protozoa, and sediment. Thanks to the effect of filtering these pollutants, clay pots can be used to filter water, especially water contaminated with E.cpi bacteria. [12] X Research Source How to filter water with clay pots is as follows: [13] X Research source
- Place the clay pot on top of a vase or bucket with a mouth the same size as the clay pot.
- Pour water into the clay pot.
- Let the water soak into the pot and seep through the clay into the vase below.
Kill pathogens with heat or sunlight
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Boil water. Boiling water is a great way to kill bacteria, viruses and parasites in the water. Fill a pot with water and bring to a boil over medium-high heat or over the flame. Bring the water to a boil and continue to simmer for about 10 minutes. Let the water cool before drinking. [14] X Research Source
- Usually the water will clear up after 3-5 minutes, but if you are in a high altitude location, you will need to boil the water longer.
- Boiling water will not remove metal and chemical contaminants, but boiling water with cactus gut can remove other contaminants, such as arsenic. [15] X Research Source
Solar water distillation. Distillation is an effective way to remove many impurities in water, including heavy metals, pathogens, salts, even radiation. You can make your own solar water distiller to collect and store groundwater. You only need a pitcher to collect water, a shovel, and a piece of plastic cloth.
- Solar water distillers are most effective in wet soil to capture a lot of steam.
- In order not to have to unload the bottle, you can put a straw or water pipe into the bottle. [16] X Research Source
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Use the SODIS method. SODIS stands for spar water disinfection. When done properly, this is a very effective method for killing pathogens in water. Pour water into a clear and smooth water bottle. Tighten the cap of the bottle and place the bottle down in direct sunlight for 6 hours to kill parasites, bacteria and viruses in the water.
- This method works because the plastic material acts as a collector for the heat from the sun to transfer into the water bottle, and the UVA rays help sterilize the water. [17] X Research Source
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This article is co-authored by a team of editors and trained researchers who confirm the accuracy and completeness of the article.
The wikiHow Content Management team carefully monitors the work of editors to ensure that every article is up to a high standard of quality.
There are 9 references cited in this article that you can view at the bottom of the page.
This article has been viewed 11,202 times.
Water can be purified by a variety of methods, such as using a filter, chemical treatment, or boiling. You need to clean the water whenever there is reason to suspect that the water may be contaminated. Often this is necessary if you are camping in the wilderness or there is a problem with your water supply at home. Whatever the reason, water purification is a way to remove dirt and contaminants as well as kill germs so you have clean water to drink without worrying about getting sick.
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