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Lithium batteries have become increasingly popular and widely used in various applications, ranging from portable electronic devices to electric vehicles and renewable energy storage systems. Their superior performance, including high energy density and longer lifespan, has led to a significant shift away from traditional lead-acid batteries, which have long dominated the market. Understanding the structure and detailed comparison between lithium and lead-acid batteries is crucial in comprehending the advantages and disadvantages of each technology. In this article, we will delve into the intricate workings of lithium batteries, their structure, and provide a comprehensive analysis of their differences with lead-acid batteries.
Lithium batteries offer good performance, fast charging and high temperature tolerance. Let’s find out with Tnhelearning.edu.vn what is Lithium battery? What is the construction of this battery and how is it different from the commonly used lead-acid battery before!
What is Lithium Battery?
Lithium battery , also known as Li-on battery, or Lithium-ion battery, abbreviated as LIB , belongs to the type of rechargeable battery .
Lithium batteries are often used for mobile electrical devices such as phones, cameras, game consoles, computers, etc. Not only that, this type of battery is being focused on developing in the military, the applications of the vehicle electric vehicles (such as electric bicycles, electric motorbikes, etc.) and aeronautical engineering.
In other words, Lithium batteries are expected to replace lead batteries – commonly used in cars, motorcycles and electric vehicles before. It not only offers high performance, but also promises to ensure a clean environment (because of the restriction of heavy metal emissions), as well as to improve the safety of use (because of avoiding the use of electrolyte solutions). contain acids).
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Lithium battery construction
This type of battery uses electrodes – made of compounds with a layered crystalline structure. When the battery is in the state of charging and discharging, Li ions will penetrate, filling the space between these layers. Therefore, chemical reactions occur and provide energy for the device to operate.
The anode is made of a mixture of transition metal oxides and Li (such as LiMnO2, LiCoO2,… and the cathode is made of graphite.In addition, the battery’s electrolyte solution (that is, the medium that allows Li ions to transfer). from one electrode to the other) must have good ionic conductivity as well as a good insulator.
For example:
- Mobile electrical devices: use Lithium batteries with negative electrodes made of Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LiCoO2, abbreviated LCO). The characteristic of this substance is that it has a high energy density but is less safe when the battery leaks, causing danger.
- Medical electrical equipment, electric vehicles : using Lithium batteries with positive electrodes usually made of Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4, abbreviated LFP), Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (LiNiMnCoO2, abbreviated NMC), and Lithium Manganese Oxide (LiNiMnCoO2, abbreviated NMC). LiMn2O4, Li2MnO3, abbreviated LMO). Although these materials have a lower energy density than LCO, they have a longer lifespan and are safer to use.
Compare Lithium battery with lead battery
|
Lithium batteries |
Lead battery |
|
| Reliability | About 4-5 years | About 1 year |
| Charge-discharge energy density |
20 Wh/kg, withstands high pulse discharge currents (for a short period of time) and withstands high loads. |
32 Wh/kg, only withstanding small discharge currents and poor load-carrying capacity. |
| Charging time |
|
|
| Mass |
Light, about 3-4 kg |
Quite heavy, 12 – 15 kg |
| Water resistance | Have | Are not |
| Guarantee | Depends on the manufacturer (long time) | Depending on the manufacturer (short time) |
| Explosion resistance | High | Short |
| Environmental influence |
|
|
Are Lithium batteries durable?
After comparing the factors between Lithium batteries and lead batteries, we see that using Lithium batteries has many advantages and of course the durability of this battery is much higher than that of lead batteries .
Lithium batteries deliver over 90% efficiency , for fast charging speeds and reduce the load on electrical equipment’s chargers when in use. The lifespan of Lithium batteries can last up to 4-5 years , while lead batteries are only about 1 year.
5 types of Lithium batteries commonly used for cheap and best electric motorcycles
Lithium batteries possess many advantages, let Tnhelearning.edu.vn suggest you these 5 types of batteries commonly used for electric motorcycles that are cheap and best today:
Lithium Battery 48V 12Ah LiBa
- Manufactured: in Vietnam by firm 365.
- Dimensions: 7 x 11.5 x 25 cm.
- Weight: light, only 3.5 kg.
- Voltage: 48 V.
- Capacity: 12 Ah and 15 Ah, can be safely charged at 1 A – 3 A.
- Charges: 1,000 to 2,000 times.
- Available brands of electric vehicles: Yamaha, Yadea, Giant, HKbike and Aima.
- Selling price is about: 5,100,000 VND.
Ingco FBLI2002 20V/4.Ah Lithium-Ion Battery
- Manufacture: in China by brand Ingco.
- Size: 35cm long.
- Voltage: 20 V.
- Capacity: 4.0 Ah.
- Selling price is about: 1,095,000 VND (there are many different prices between selling units).
3.2V 20Ah 10C . Lithium Phosphate Battery
- Made in China.
- Extremely low internal resistance only 0.6 million
- Charge and discharge cycle: more than 2000 times
- Suitable for electric motorcycles, or cars using solar energy.
- Selling price: 245,000 VND VND .
365 . battery
- Brand: 365, made in Vietnam.
- Voltage: from 72V.
- Dimensions: 130 x 210 x 300 mm.
- Weight: 8.9 kg suitable for electric motorcycle
- Warranty: 24 months.
- Battery life: 4-6 years.
- Selling price is about: 11,900,000 VND
Mopo Max
- Brand: Vietnam.
- Capacity: large.
- Weight: super light.
- Applying a variety of Lithium battery technologies to electric motorcycles and many other devices. BMS battery management system helps control battery voltage and temperature, stable operation.
- Utilities: there are 2 USB charging ports and 1 110-220V AC outlet.
- Reference price: 12,782,000 VND.
With the information shared above, hopefully, it will help you better understand about Lithium batteries. If you have any questions, please leave a message below for Tnhelearning.edu.vn to help you!
In conclusion, lithium batteries are a type of rechargeable battery that utilize lithium ions to store and release energy. They have gained significant popularity in recent years due to their high energy density, longer lifespan, and lightweight design compared to lead-acid batteries.
Structurally, a lithium battery consists of a positive electrode (cathode), a negative electrode (anode), a separator, and an electrolyte. The cathode is typically made of lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, or lithium iron phosphate, while the anode is usually made of graphite. The separator allows the lithium ions to flow between the electrodes, while the electrolyte facilitates the movement of ions.
Comparing lithium batteries with lead-acid batteries, there are several notable differences. Firstly, lithium batteries have a higher energy density, meaning they can store more energy per unit weight or volume. This gives them a longer runtime and higher capacity, making them suitable for portable electronic devices and electric vehicles.
Secondly, lithium batteries have a longer lifespan compared to lead-acid batteries. Lithium batteries can withstand hundreds of charge-discharge cycles while maintaining their performance, whereas lead-acid batteries tend to deteriorate more quickly with each cycle.
Thirdly, lithium batteries are significantly lighter than lead-acid batteries. This makes them more suitable for applications where weight is a crucial factor, such as in aerospace or electric vehicles, as they contribute to reducing overall weight and enhancing efficiency.
Furthermore, lithium batteries have a faster charging time, allowing users to recharge their devices or vehicles more quickly. On the other hand, lead-acid batteries require longer charging durations, leading to longer periods of downtime.
However, it is worth mentioning that lead-acid batteries have their advantages too. They are generally more affordable, making them a preferred choice for certain applications such as starting automotive engines or backup power supply in households.
In summary, lithium batteries have emerged as a superior alternative to lead-acid batteries in many applications due to their higher energy density, longer lifespan, lightweight design, and faster charging time. As technology continues to advance, lithium batteries are likely to witness further improvements in terms of performance and cost-effectiveness, paving the way for a more sustainable and efficient future.
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