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Patty Hearst is a name that has become synonymous with one of the most captivating and controversial cases in American history. Born into privilege as the granddaughter of publishing magnate William Randolph Hearst, Patty’s life took an unexpected and unimaginable turn when she was kidnapped by the infamous leftist revolutionary group, the Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA), in 1974. However, what unfolded during her time in captivity and the subsequent events that followed left the nation reeling with questions about power, manipulation, and the limits of personal autonomy. The story of Patty Hearst not only captivates with its gripping twists and turns, but also raises profound questions about individual identity, radical movements, and the dark underbelly of fame and fortune. In this exploration of Patty Hearst’s life, we delve into the complexities of her story, examining the factors that shaped her and the numerous interpretations surrounding her actions during this tumultuous period.
(1954-)
Who Is Patty Hearst?
Patty Hearst is the granddaughter of William Randolph Hearst, founder of the Hearst media empire. On February 4, 1974, at age 19, Hearst was kidnapped by members of the Symbionese Liberation Army. Not long after, she announced that she had joined the SLA and began participating in criminal activity with the group, including robbery and extortion. Hearst was captured by the FBI in September 1975, and the following year, she was convicted of bank robbery and sentenced to 35 years in prison. She was released early, in 1979, after President Jimmy Carter commuted her prison term.
Early Life
Hearst was born Patricia Campbell Hearst on February 20, 1954, in Los Angeles, California. She is the granddaughter of William Randolph Hearst, the famous 19th-century newspaper mogul and founder of the Hearst media empire, and the third of five daughters born to Randolph A. Hearst, William’s fourth and youngest son. Following her high school graduation, Hearst attended Menlo College and the University of California at Berkeley.
Kidnapped by the SLA
On February 4, 1974, at the age of 19, Hearst was taken hostage by members of the Symbionese Liberation Army, who aimed to garner a hefty ransom from her wealthy father. In a strange turn of events, two months after she was taken captive, Hearst recorded an audiotape that would soon be heard around the world, announcing that she had become part of the SLA. In the months that followed, more tapes with Hearst speaking were released by the group, and the young woman had begun actively participating in SLA-led criminal activity in California, including robbery and extortion — including an estimated $2 million from Hearst’s father during her months in captivity.
Trial and Sentence
On September 18, 1975, after more than 19 months with the SLA, Hearst was captured by the FBI. In the spring of 1976, she was convicted of bank robbery and sentenced to 35 years in prison. Hearst would serve less than two years, however; she was released in 1979, after President Carter commuted her prison term. In January 2001, shortly before he left the White House, President Bill Clinton granted her a full pardon.
Societal Impact and Stockholm Syndrome
Hearst’s experience with the SLA, particularly the details of her transition from victim to supporter, has sparked interest for the past several years, including countless psychological studies both inspired and bolstered by her story. The shift in Hearst’s behavior with the SLA has been widely attributed to a psychological phenomenon called Stockholm syndrome, in which hostages begin to develop positive feelings toward their captors, an effect thought to occur when victims’ initially frightening experiences with their kidnappers are later countered with acts of compassion or camaraderie by those same individuals.
Personal Life
Shortly after her release from prison, Hearst married policeman Bernard Shaw. They had two daughters: Gillian and Lydia.
Movies
Several films and documentaries have been made about Hearst, including The Ordeal of Patty Hearst (1979). Patty Hearst (1988), Guerrilla: The Taking of Patty Hearst (2004) and The Radical Story of Patty Hearst (2018).
She also starred in some feature films include Cry-Baby (1990), Bio-Dome (1996) and Pecker (1998).
QUICK FACTS
- Name: Patty Hearst
- Birth Year: 1954
- Birth date: February 20, 1954
- Birth State: California
- Birth City: Los Angeles
- Birth Country: United States
- Gender: Female
- Best Known For: The granddaughter of 19th-century media mogul William Randolph Hearst, Patty Hearst was kidnapped by the Symbionese Liberation Army in 1974. She spent 19 months with her captors — joining them in criminal acts soon after her kidnapping — before she was captured by the FBI.
- Industries
- Crime and Terrorism
- Astrological Sign: Pisces
- Schools
- University of California at Berkeley
- Menlo College
- Nacionalities
- American
Fact Check
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CITATION INFORMATION
- Article Title: Patty Hearst Biography
- Author: Biography.com Editors
- Website Name: The Biography.com website
- Url: https://www.biography.com/crime/patty-hearst
- Access Date:
- Publisher: A&E; Television Networks
- Last Updated: June 17, 2020
- Original Published Date: April 2, 2014
In conclusion, Patty Hearst’s life is a complex and fascinating story that continues to captivate people’s attention. From her transformation from a wealthy heiress to a revolutionary to her controversial trial and eventual pardon, Hearst’s tale challenges our understanding of identity, loyalty, and the power of influence. Whether one views her as a victim or a willing participant, it is clear that Hearst’s involvement with the SLA was a turning point in her life and in the public’s perception of her. Regardless of where one stands on the issue, Patty Hearst’s story forces us to question the circumstances and factors that can shape an individual’s actions and choices, highlighting the complexity of human nature and the influence of external forces.
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6. Patty Hearst’s presidential pardon
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