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Marie Antoinette [1]
Marie Antoinette was born in Vienna on 2 November 1755, the daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Francis I and Habsburg Empress Maria Theresa. Her marriage with the future Louis XVI, celebrated in the Royal Chapel at Versailles on 16 May 1770, was partly the work of the Duke de Choiseul, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and one of the principal architects of the reconciliation between France and Austria
A highlight of the lavish festivities to mark the royal wedding was the inauguration of the Royal Opera.. In the eyes of the public, she and her husband symbolised the promise of a new reign which, given Louis XV’s advancing age, was expected to begin soon
Marie Antoinette became Queen when she was not yet twenty years old.. Louis XVI was besotted with his wife and allowed her to take on a role at Court that had never been bestowed on the two previous queens, Maria Theresa of Spain and Marie Leszczyńska
Louis XVI [2]
|Successor||Louis XVII (as disputed King of France) |. Louis XVI, sometimes known as “The Last” (French: [lwi sɛːz]; Louis-Auguste; 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) was the last King of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution
The son of Louis, Dauphin of France, son and heir-apparent of King Louis XV, and Maria Josepha of Saxony, Louis became the new Dauphin when his father died in 1765. On his grandfather’s death on 10 May 1774, he became King of France and Navarre, reigning until 4 September 1791, when he received the title of King of the French, reigning as king until the monarchy was abolished on 21 September 1792.
These included efforts to abolish serfdom, remove the taille (land tax) and the corvée (labour tax),[2] and increase tolerance toward non-Catholics as well as abolish the death penalty for deserters.[3][4] The French nobility reacted to the proposed reforms with hostility, and successfully opposed their implementation. Louis implemented deregulation of the grain market, advocated by his economic liberal minister Turgot, but it resulted in an increase in bread prices
The life and death of Marie Antoinette: everything you need to know about the last queen of France [3]
The life and death of Marie Antoinette: everything you need to know about the last queen of France. Queen of France before the French Revolution, Marie Antoinette (1755–93) is famous for being overthrown by revolutionaries and being publicly guillotined following the abolition of the monarchy in France
From nation’s sweetheart to public enemy, what led Marie Antoinette to the guillotine? We bring you the facts about her life and death…. Born: 2 November 1755, Hofburg Palace, Vienna, Austria
Known for: Being overthrown by French revolutionaries and being publicly guillotined after the abolition of the monarchy.. Family: Marie was the 15th child of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, and Empress Maria Theresa
Marie Antoinette [4]
Hofburg Palace, Vienna, Archduchy of Austria, Holy Roman Empire. Place de la Révolution, Paris, French First Republic
She was born an Archduchess of Austria, and was the penultimate child and youngest daughter of Empress Maria Theresa and Emperor Francis I. She became dauphine of France in May 1770 at age 14 upon her marriage to Louis-Auguste, heir apparent to the French throne
Marie Antoinette’s position at court improved when, after eight years of marriage, she started having children. She became increasingly unpopular among the people, however, with the French libelles accusing her of being profligate,[2] promiscuous, allegedly having illegitimate children, and harboring sympathies for France’s perceived enemies—particularly her native Austria
Marie-Antoinette | Biography, Death, Cake, French Revolution, & Facts [5]
Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.. – spouse Louis XVI father Francis I mother Maria Theresa son Louis XVII brother Joseph II brother Leopold II sister Maria Carolina
Her name is associated with the decline in the moral authority of the French monarchy in the closing years of the ancien régime, though her courtly extravagance was but a minor cause of the financial disorders of the French state in that period. Her rejection of reform provoked unrest, and her policy of court resistance to the progress of the French Revolution finally led to the overthrow of the monarchy in August 1792.
In her youth, she was a pawn on the diplomatic chessboard of Europe, as France and Austria attempted to navigate the complex web of allegiances that shaped the continent in the wake of the Seven Years’ War. The 11th daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Francis I and Maria Theresa, Marie-Antoinette was just 14 years old when she was married to the dauphin Louis, grandson of France’s King Louis XV, on May 16, 1770
The life and death of Marie Antoinette: everything you need to know about the last queen of France [6]
The life and death of Marie Antoinette: everything you need to know about the last queen of France. Queen of France before the French Revolution, Marie Antoinette (1755–93) is famous for being overthrown by revolutionaries and being publicly guillotined following the abolition of the monarchy in France
From nation’s sweetheart to public enemy, what led Marie Antoinette to the guillotine? We bring you the facts about her life and death…. Born: 2 November 1755, Hofburg Palace, Vienna, Austria
Known for: Being overthrown by French revolutionaries and being publicly guillotined after the abolition of the monarchy.. Family: Marie was the 15th child of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, and Empress Maria Theresa
Women in the French Revolution: A Resource Guide [7]
Marie Antoinette was born November 2, 1755 in Vienna, Austria and was executed on October 16, 1793 at the Place de la Concorde, Paris, France. While the Chapelle Expiatoire in Paris is dedicated to her and to her husband, King Louis XVI, she is buried at the Basilica Cathedral of Saint Denis, France
To begin with, she came from Austria and after an initially warm welcome in France she was increasingly viewed with suspicion from the French people. She was born an archduchess and came to France at a very young age (a mere 14 years old) to marry Louis XVI
This was a financially unstable time in France and neither of them seemed able to fully comprehend the Revolution that was brewing. She also had extravagant tastes and a genuine love of fashion and art
Syndrome, Children & Death [8]
Maria Antonia Josepha Joanna, better known as Marie Antoinette, was the last queen of France who helped provoke the popular unrest that led to the French Revolution and to the overthrow of the monarchy in August 1792. She became a symbol of the excesses of the monarchy and is often credited with the famous quote “Let them eat cake,” although there is no evidence she actually said it
Marie Antoinette was born on November 2, 1755, in Vienna, Austria.. Marie Antoinette was the 15th and second to last child of Maria Theresa, empress of Austria, and Holy Roman Emperor Francis I
With the conclusion of the Seven Years’ War in 1763, the preservation of a fragile alliance between Austria and France became a priority for Empress Maria Theresa; cementing alliances through matrimonial connections was a common practice among European royal families at the time.. In 1765, Louis, dauphin de France (also known as Louis Ferdinand), the son of French monarch Louis XV, died
Marie Antoinette [9]
Twenty-three years later, she lost her head to the guillotine. Late September sunlight filters onto the blue velvet furnishings of the jewel-box theater built for Marie Antoinette at Versailles
At the time I was there, the theater was closed to most visitors (it is now open to the public from April 1 through October 31), and I wanted to take full advantage of my access. Have a good, long look,” said Christian Baulez, Versailles’ chief conservator.
“From time to time, you have to visit a spot like the theater when there’s no one else around to give the place a chance to trigger an emotional reaction,” he said. “You’re thinking about other things, then all of a sudden, you’re totally surprised
Marie Antoinette Biography [10]
Marie Antoinette was the last queen of France before the French Revolution overthrew the monarchy in August of 1792. Her extravagant spending, despite the dwindling fortunes of France, triggered popular discontent leading in part to the French Revolution.
She was the 15th child of Holy Roman Emperor Francis I and Maria Teresa, empress of Austria. Her childhood was relatively carefree and her education focused mainly on moral and religious principles while her brothers pursued more academic subjects.
Louis Auguste, then an 11-year old grandson of the reigning king of France, Louis XV, had become heir to the throne following the demise of the king’s son, Louis Ferdinand.. A tutor sent by Louis XV to instruct the future queen of France in 1768 found her to be more intelligent than generally supposed, but difficult to teach due to her laziness and frivolousness
Marie Antoinette [11]
1755-1793) was the queen of France during the turbulent final years of the Ancien Régime and the subsequent French Revolution (1789-1799). With the ascension of her husband Louis XVI of France (r
She was born in Vienna on 2 November 1755 as Maria Antonia Josepha Joanna, archduchess of Austria. Her birthdate was an inauspicious one, coming as it did a day after a great earthquake killed 30,000 people in Lisbon, a chilling portent of her unlucky future
1708-1765), were at the zenith of their own glory and saw no reason not to celebrate the birth of their fifteenth and penultimate child, the future queen of France.. The young archduchess, affectionately nicknamed ‘Madame Antoine’ by her mother, enjoyed a happy childhood, spending her winters sledding down the hills near the family lodge at Laxenburg and her summers in the comforts of Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna
Who Was Marie Antoinette? [12]
Marie Antoinette is the notorious 18th century French Queen whose life was torn apart by scandal. Married to King Louis XVI at the tender age of 14, she quickly became a teen idol across France with her gravity-defying hairstyles, froufrou fashion and reckless parties
Meanwhile, as her marriage crumbled, the Queen became victim to a public smear campaign so vicious it would eventually tear her whole world apart, and rock French society to the core. Here are some of the key stories surrounding her life.
One of an incredible 15 children, Marie was the youngest daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Francis I and the Habsburg Empress Maria Theresa. Her aristocratic childhood was idyllic, setting in place a taste for the finer things in life including luxury clothing, horse-riding, sleigh rides and dancing
Marie-Antoinette [13]
MARIE-ANTOINETTE (1755–1793), ruled as queen of France, 1774–1792.. 1774–1792) has been associated with unwittingly contributing to the outbreak of the French Revolution of 1789 and the overthrow of the monarchy in 1792
1745–1780) of Austria, Maria Antonia was scarcely in her teens before she was apprenticed by her parents into becoming the partner of the French Dauphin, surviving heir of Louis XV (r. By the Diplomatic Revolution of 1756, France had allied itself with Austria, its perennial foe since the fifteenth century, and the marriage was designed to strengthen the alliance
Although the engagement and marriage sparked wide rejoicings within France, a bad augury occurred when, during celebrations in Paris, a crowd panic led to a major incident in which over a hundred people died.. Marie-Antoinette never really recovered the popularity that she had enjoyed in the context of her marriage
Queen Marie Antoinette of France and two of her children walking in The Park of Trianon [14]
Queen Marie Antoinette of France and two of her children walking in The Park of Trianon. Marie Antoinette was the wife of the last King of France, Louis XVI, before the French Revolution overthrew the monarchy
She came to symbolise the Ancien Régime – a long-standing system where the monarchy, aristocracy and Catholic Church held absolute power and privilege over ordinary people.. Marie Antoinette (1755-1793) was the daughter of the Austrian Empress Maria Theresa and Francis I, the Holy Roman Emperor
Marie Antoinette soon became unpopular, gaining a reputation for excessive spending on fashion, gambling and other indulgences. It was also rumoured, when she gave birth to her first child in December 1778, that Louis was not the father.
Who was the real Marie Antoinette? [15]
Before Meghan Markle, there was Marie Antoinette, another royal whose reputation was beleaguered and misappropriated. Hounded by pamphlets and media portrayals of her as a malicious, scheming foreigner who had infiltrated the French court, she became one of the most hated figures of the French Revolution
Even today, we often know her only as a royal diva, who callously shrugged off her people’s hunger with the infamous phrase “let them eat cake”.. Many have been enthralled by story of the last Queen of France, who met her untimely demise at the hands of Madame Guillotine in 1793, and have tried to capture her essence; perhaps the most notable was Kirsten Dunst’s 2006 portrayal in Sofia Coppola’s cult film
The first season, which hits BBC2 this December, stars Emilia Schüle as the party-loving royal, alongside Louis Cunningham as her husband, King Louis XVI. The series will show the young Queen, in Davis’ words, as a “teenage rebel determined to stamp her vision on Versailles” who “emerges as Queen of the Zeitgeist” in her first few years in the French court
Princess to queen to guillotine: the tragic fate of Marie Antoinette [16]
10th May marks the anniversary of the start of the reign of Louis XVI of France and his wife, the Austrian princess Marie Antoinette. On that day, the young princess – who came from the court of the Holy Roman Empire court – became queen consort of France, a title envied by many.
She marked her time in French history unlike any other French consort.. Marie Antoinette was a keen musician – she played the harp and the harpsichord, and was taught in childhood by Gluck – as well as being a singer and an avid supporter of composers such as André Grétry.
During her lifetime Le Brun painted 660 portraits and 200 landscapes, and her art can now be found in many museums all over the world, such as the Louvre, The National Gallery in London and The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.. The famous painter depicted Marie Antoinette in 30 portraits
Marie Antoinette, The Infamous Queen Behind ‘Let Them Eat Cake’ [17]
She likely never said “Let them eat cake,” but Marie Antoinette’s extravagant spending plunged France into economic turmoil and led to her public execution in 1793.. Queen Marie Antoinette was the last queen of France before the French Revolution took down the monarchy.
But was Marie Antoinette really the frivolous queen that the revolutionaries painted her as? Or was she just an easy scapegoat as France languished in economic turmoil?. Although she lived and died as the most notorious queen in French history, Marie Antoinette — born Maria Antonia Josefa Johanna — was an Austrian-Hapsburg, the longtime rivals of the French Bourbons.
The marriage was the handiwork of her mother, the formidable Austrian Empress Maria Theresa.. Maria Theresa forged the alliance to soothe the longstanding animosity between France and Austria, mostly as a means to subvert the growing power of Prussia and Great Britain, and viewed her daughter’s marriage to the French heir as the perfect solution.
5 Things You Might Not Know About Marie Antoinette [18]
On the anniversary of her death, we look at the oft misunderstood queen.. By the time she was executed at the guillotine on October 16, 1793 (nine months after her husband, King Louis XVI, was killed the same way), she had been disparaged as a frivolous, selfish, and immoral woman whose lavish lifestyle had increased economic inequality.
She also wore flour on her wigs while many French people went without bread.. Yet not all of the criticisms of the queen were warranted, or even true
One of the most “well-known” quotes in history is that Marie Antoinette, when told that the French people had no bread to eat, replied: “Let them eat cake.” But Marie Antoinette never said this.. By the time the Austrian-born Marie Antoinette took the throne, French people had been attributing this phrase to the foreign queens of French kings for decades as a kind of “displaced frustration with the crown,” argues Caroline Weber, author of Queen of Fashion: What Marie Antoinette Wore to the Revolution.
Marie Antoinette, Queen of France – La France Sauvée ou le Tyran Détrôné: A Dramaturgical Casebook [19]
Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna was born an Archduchess of Austria and was the penultimate child and youngest daughter of Empress Maria Theresa and Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor. She became Dauphine of France in May 1770 at age 14 upon her marriage to Louis-Auguste, heir apparent to the French throne
She was married by proxy to the Dauphin on April 19 in Vienna and was formally wed to Louis-Auguste at Versailles on May 16, 1770. Four years later, Louis-Auguste ascended to the throne as Louis XVI with Marie Antoinette as his 18-year-old queen.
Louis XVI gave her a palace at Versailles, the Petite Trianon (originally commissioned by Louis XV for Madame Du Barry, who died before its completion) to do with as she pleased. It became her refuge from the formality of the Versailles court and was known as the Queen’s domain where even the king had to ask permission to visit
Who was Marie Antoinette and how many children did she have? [20]
Who was Marie Antoinette and how many children did she have?. MARIE Antoinette is a name that’s gone down in history.
Born an archduchess in Vienna, Austria, in 1755, Marie Antoinette was the penultimate child and youngest daughter of Empress Maria Theresa and Emperor Francis I.. She married the future French King Louis XVI when she was just 15 years old.
She was the last Queen of France before the French Revolution abolished the monarchy in 1972.. Marie Antoinette was a doting mother to four biological children – Marie Thérèse Charlotte, born on December 9, 1778, Louis Joseph Xavier François (born 1781), Louis XVII of France (born March 1785), and Sophie Hélène Béatrix (born July 1786).
Amazon.com [21]
Reviewed in the United States 🇺🇸 on August 16, 2018. Though some of it is specifically about Marie Antoinette, more of it is about the French Revolution
I was pleased to read the brief passage about the Marie Antoinette Estate at Versailles– having visited there last year. Now I understand the reasoning behind this small, primitive village.
All in all, I found it fascinating reading– yet another piece of history falling into place for me as I continue to read more and more.
Marie Antoinette (2006) [22]
There is a scene towards the end of the movie shows many princes and princesses of the blood saying farewell to the Queen before fleeing the country, including her two favorite companions, the Duchesse de Polignac and the Princesse de Lamballe. The real Duchesse de Polignac did take refuge in Switzerland
She remained with the royal family until her own arrest. After refusing to sign an oath renouncing the monarchy, she was mutilated and beheaded, and her head was mounted on a pike and paraded past the prison window of the doomed Queen.
Sofia Coppola refused to read the famous biography of Marie-Antoinette written by Stefan Zweig, which she judged too strict. She turned instead to the book by Antonia Fraser, which makes the queen a more human character, a young girl with no connection to reality who finds herself in the wrong place at the wrong time.
Database of Bookbindings [23]
Click on the image to enlarge it.Click again for maximum magnification. All images Copyright the British Library Board unless stated in notes field
||Marie Antoinette, Queen, Consort of King Louis XVI of France (1755-1793). With the coat of arms of the Comte H De La Bedoyere tooled in gold on an onlay on the upper pastedown
||Omaggio poetico (all’Arciduchessa d’Austria, Maria Giuseppa, dichiarata Regina di Napoli). ||Marie Antoinette, Queen, Consort of King Louis XVI of France (1755-1793)
Louis XVI (1754-1793), Marie Antoinette (1755-93) & Louis-Charles de France, Dauphin (1785-1795) [24]
Louis XVI (1754-1793), Marie Antoinette (1755-93) & Louis-Charles de France, Dauphin (1785-1795) c. Watercolour on ivory | 6.7 cm (sight diameter) (sight diameter) | RCIN 420362
Louis XVI was the last king of France before the French Revolution. The royal family was forcibly brought from Versailles to Paris in October 1789 and their attempt to flee the country in 1791 ended when they reached Varennes
Marie-Antoinette was a daughter of Maria Theresa and the Emperor Francis I. She married the future Louis XVI of France in 1770, becoming queen four years later
La Mort de Marie-Antoinette · Execution Ballads [25]
ci-devant reine des français, condamnée et exécuté à mort, le 16 octobre, 1793.. Marie Antoinette; baptised Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna (or Maria Antonia Josephina Johanna);2 November 1755 äóñ 16 October 1793), born an archduchess of Austria, was Dauphine of France from 1770 to 1774 and Queen of France and Navarre from 1774 to 1792
In April 1770, on the day of her marriage to Louis-Auguste, Dauphin of France, she became Dauphine of France. Marie Antoinette assumed the title of Queen of France and of Navarre when her husband, Louis XVI of France, ascended the throne upon the death of Louis XV in May 1774
Initially charmed by her personality and beauty, the French people generally came to dislike her, accusing “L’Autrichienne” (meaning the Austrian (woman) in French) of being profligate, promiscuous,[2] and of harboring sympathies for France’s enemies, particularly Austria, her country of origin.[3] The Diamond Necklace incident further ruined her reputation. Although she was completely innocent in this affair, she became known as Madame Déficit.
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